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Fire safety in timber buildings
Published in Andrew Buchanan, Birgit Östman, Fire Safe Use of Wood in Buildings, 2023
Andrew Buchanan, Andrew Dunn, Alar Just, Michael Klippel, Cristian Maluk, Birgit Östman, Colleen Wade
Passive fire protection refers to the systems that are built into the structure or fabric of the building, not requiring external operation by people or automatic controls. For pre-flashover fires, passive control includes the selection of suitable materials for building construction and interior linings that do not support rapid flame spread or smoke production in the growth stage (see Chapter 5). In fully developed fires, passive fire protection is provided by load-bearing or non-load-bearing structures and assemblies which will perform appropriately in the event of a fire – preventing the spread of the fire beyond the room of origin (i.e., compartmentation; see Chapter 6) and preventing the partial or complete collapse of the structure (see Chapters 7 and 8).
Barriers against loss
Published in Urban Kjellén, Eirik Albrechtsen, Prevention of Accidents and Unwanted Occurrences, 2017
Urban Kjellén, Eirik Albrechtsen
Finally, there are a number of barriers aimed at limiting the development of injury and damage: Passive fire protection of the building and process equipment as well as explosion ventilation will improve the ability of the building and the equipment to endure the explosion and heat from fires.Active fire-protection systems such as deluge systems and the fire brigade will have the same effects by combatting the fire.Alarms and messages over the personal address system will notify the personnel, who will escape from the affected process areas to safety through marked escape ways. If it is not possible to get the fire or explosion under immediate control, evacuation will follow.
Full-scale fire testing to collapse of steel stiffened plate structures under lateral patch loading (part 1) – without passive fire protection
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2021
Jeom Kee Paik, Min Gyu Ryu, Kunhou He, Dong Hun Lee, Seung Yul Lee, Dae Kyeom Park, Giles Thomas
The aim of the paper was to present a fire test database on the collapse of a full-scale steel stiffened plate structure without passive fire protection under lateral patch loading. Based on the study, the following conclusions can be drawn. It was confirmed that setting up the test structure and conducting the full-scale physical tests was successful.Gas cloud temperatures inside the furnace were increased using a burner with a supply of liquefied petroleum gases. It was confirmed that the increase of gas cloud temperatures was controlled successfully to be 15% below the target ISO 834 fire curve.The time history of the steel temperatures transferred from heat of gas clouds as well as the gas cloud temperatures themselves was measured at monitoring points using thermos-electric couple sensors. It was confirmed that the heat transfer analysis using traditional finite element method is in a good agreement with the measurements.Lateral patch loads were applied at the centre of transverse frames using two hydraulic loading actuators. The synchronising of the same loading at two points was secured. Patch load applications were made in two steps.The lateral deformations of the tested structure were small during the first load step, but it increased dramatically at 1600 s, which were regarded as a critical period of time for fire safety as far as the loading and temperature schemes considered in the present paper are applied. A similar assessment of fire safety can of course be made for different loading conditions.The test database presented in the paper can be useful to validate computational models for the structural failure analysis in fires.Full-scale tests are obviously encouraged further: Passive fire protection is often applied as an effective option to protect entire structures or at least primary strength members exposed to fires. The authors presented a separate article as a sequel to this paper, dealing with the effects of passive fire protection (Paik et al. 2020c).