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Active fire protection by sprinklers
Published in Andrew Buchanan, Birgit Östman, Fire Safe Use of Wood in Buildings, 2023
Birgit Östman, David Barber, Christian Dagenais, Andrew Dunn, Kevin Frank, Michael Klippel, Esko Mikkola
In contrast to passive fire protection which remains in place with no activation required, active fire protection systems become operational only when a fire occurs. Active fire protection measures include the following:Automatic fire detection systems – smoke, heat, flame, combustion gas, etc. to trigger alarmsFire alarm systems – audible or voice alarm, visual, tactile, vibratingSmoke management systems, including smoke fans and closing of smoke dampers in ductsAutomatic closing of doors to provide fire compartments, refuges, etc.Other access control systems on doors, gates, turnstiles, etc. to aid evacuationFixed fire suppression systems – water, chemical agents, inert gases
Fire Safety
Published in Mavis Sika Okyere, Fixed Offshore Platforms, 2018
A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection method, consisting of a water supply system, providing adequate pressure and flowrate to a water distribution piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are connected.
Substation Fire Protection
Published in John D. McDonald, Electric Power Substations Engineering, 2017
Active fire protection measures are automatic fire protection measures that warn occupants of the existence of fire and extinguish or control the fire. These measures are designed to automatically extinguish or control a fire at its earliest stage, without risking life or sacrificing property. The benefits of these systems have been universally identified and accepted by building and insurance authorities. Insurance companies have found significant reductions in losses when automatic suppression systems have been installed.
Survey and Experimental Investigation of Movable Fire Loads in Japanese-Style Wooden Historical Buildings
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2020
Hung-Chi Su, Shu-Fen Tung, Chun-Ta Tzeng, Chi-Ming Lai
In recent years, in Taiwan, several Japanese-style wooden buildings have been destroyed in fire accidents, resulting in irrecoverable heritage loss. To avoid further damage or fire disaster from occurring in historical buildings, performance-based fire safety design is a solution to the inconsistency between building conditions and fire preservation requirements. Both fixed and movable fire loads are important inputs for fire safety design. The main function of building structures is to maintain the structural safety aspects; therefore, it is difficult to arbitrarily change the associated materials, dimensions, or construction methods. Achieving fire protection enhancement for historical buildings via only removing or decreasing the fixed fire load, which is usually related to the building structures, can be problematic. Fireproofing materials and/or active fire protection systems (e.g., water sprinklers and sprays) are usually applied to manage the fixed fire loads.
Fire hazard in concrete bridges: review, assessment and mitigation strategies
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2022
In buildings, fire hazard is mitigated through installation of active fire protection systems, including suppression systems like sprinklers that help to limit the growth of a fire. However, in bridges no active or passive fire protection systems are present due to installation challenges and cost implications. In addition, there are major differences in the structural features of bridges, such as longer spans, lower load levels, and slender cross-sectional shapes. These geometries lead to different governing failure limit states in bridge structural members, such as shear failure instead of flexural failure in girders or decks, as compared to those in buildings.
Latest trends for structural steel protection by using intumescent fire protective coatings: a review
Published in Surface Engineering, 2020
Muhammad Yasir, Faiz Ahmad, Puteri Sri Melor Megat Yusoff, Sami Ullah, Maude Jimenez
There are two main types of fire protection system, which are: (i) Active fire protection (AFP), such as fire alarms, sprinklers, hose reel, fire extinguishers and firefighters, that involve motion and quick response to extinguish fire; (ii) Passive fire protection (PFP), such as fire doors, firewalls, fire dampers, chopped fire sprays, halogen-based coating for fast quenching, foams and intumescent coatings (ICs), that intend to minimise or slow down the effect of fire [16–23].