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What are fire protection systems?
Published in Samuel L. Hurt, Building Systems in Interior Design, 2017
Standpipes are category A systems that consist of vertical pipes that are located in stairwells (most commonly on the intermediate landings) to be used primarily by firemen to fight fires in tall or very large buildings. According to the International Building Code, there are three classes for standpipes: Class I: 2½″ hose connections for use by fire-fighters onlyClass II: 1½″ hose connections for use by building occupantsClass III: 1½″ hose connections for use by building occupants and 2½″ hose connections for use by fire-fighters.1
Extinguishing Systems and Equipment
Published in Peter M. Bochnak, Fire Loss Control, 2020
Standpipes are usually wet type, having water pressure maintained at all times and with water available to the valves at hose racks. However, other systems, such as dry type, have no permanent water supply and are generally installed as a time-saving device permitting the fire department to merely hoop up to the fire department connection with hose and charge the line to deliver water to upper stories or inaccessible locations. Standpipes of this type may also be provided with manual operation of valves or remote control devices, or standpipes may be installed so as to automatically admit water into the riser system by opening a valve.
Facility Utility Systems
Published in Terry Jacobs, Andrew A. Signore, Good Design Practices for GMP Pharmaceutical Facilities, 2016
Jack C. Chu, Leonid Shnayder, Joe Maida
Standpipes are designed and installed in accordance with locally adopted building codes and NFPA standards. Typically, standpipes are required if the floor level of the highest story is more than 30 ft above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access or the floor level of the lowest story is located more than 30 ft below the highest level of fire department vehicle access. Standpipes are also typically required if any portion of the building floor area is more than 400 ft of travel from the nearest point of fire department vehicle access.
Effectiveness of using Metakaolin and fly ash as supplementary cementitious materials in pervious concrete
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2022
Tarunbir Singh, Rafat Siddique, Shruti Sharma
Water permeability Test was done as per JIS A 5371-2016 (JIS A 5371, 2016) to evaluate the permeability of the various prepared NFC mixes. For this, the sides of cylindrical specimens (100 mm diameter and 200 mm height) were firmly wrapped with duct tape to inhibit any water leakage from the sides and allow the water to enter only from the top surface and exit only from the bottom surface of the cylindrical specimens. The specimens were placed along the vertical axis inside the standpipe, and to prevent any leakage of water between the specimens and the standpipe silicone gel was used along the periphery. The test was performed at a steady flow. The permeability coefficient of the average of three NFC specimens was calculated with Darcy Law by using Eq. (3). Figure 4 shows the set-up used for testing the water permeability of the cylindrical specimens. The permeability coefficient is calculated by
Discharge and mixing of moisture coal particles in silos
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Li Dai, Zhulin Yuan, Lei Guan, Conghui Gu
Discrete element method (DEM) is widely used in calculating the movement of granules in silos (Fan, Parteli, and Poschel 2017). D. Hohner et al. (Hohner, Wirtz, and Scherer 2012) found that the outflow rate of polyhedral particles decreased significantly with the flow resistance increasing, while the rate of spherical solids did not change apparently. Lu et al. (Lu et al. 2014) found that the flow situations in silos could be defined as three flow regions. Particle velocity changed sharply in transition region but changed slowly in hopper region. In the region of standpipe, an inverse pressure gradient existed. Gu et al. (Gu et al. 2015) chose the virtual particle clusters instead of flexible ribbon particles to study the heat and mass transfer between nonspherical granules. Recently, the studies were mainly dedicated in the influence of shape (block effect, aspect ratio, etc.) on repose angle, bulk density, flow pattern, and discharge rate (Markauskas et al. 2010).
Scaling Analysis of Reactor Cavity Cooling System in HTR
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2020
Thiago D. Roberto, Celso M. F. Lapa, Antonio C. M. Alvim
where Di= internal diameter of the RCCS standpipeVi= velocity of the water inside the standpipeTiS= temperature of the fluid inside the standpipehcond= heat transfer coefficient through the conduction of the fluidTeS= the external temperatures of the standpipe of the RCCS.