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The effects of urban expansion on soil health and ecosystem services
Published in Ciro Gardi, Urban Expansion, Land Cover and Soil Ecosystem Services, 2017
Mitchell Pavao-Zuckerman, Richard V. Pouyat
When land is converted to urban uses, both initial and post-development factors that physically disrupt soil or result from horticultural management, e.g., fertilization and irrigation, can have profound effects on soil characteristics (Pouyat et al., 2010). Nevertheless, for most urban land use conversions human-caused disturbance is more pronounced during rather than after the land-development process. The initial phase of urban development typically includes the clearing of existing vegetation, grading of soil, and the building of structures, which collectively result in a drastic alteration of the C, N, and water cycles in the resultant landscape. In turn, the extent and magnitude of these initial disturbances is dependent on infrastructure requirements (e.g., stormwater retention areas), topography, and other site limiting factors. As an example, a topographic change analysis of 30 development projects in Baltimore County, USA showed that the total volumetric change of soil per development was positively correlated with mean slope of the site (r = 0.54, p = 0.002) (McGuire, 2004).
Scientific Role of Transition-Metal Nanoparticles as Agrochemicals
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Om Prakash Katare, Eliana B. Souto, NanoAgroceuticals & NanoPhytoChemicals, 2018
Selvaraj Mohana Roopan, Ganesh Elango
Urbanization and industrialization have created severe loss of fertile lands, since these are converted into nonagricultural lands for their use as industries and residential areas. Increased urbanization and industrialization during recent years has also created an increased market demand for quality agricultural products, such as milk, fruits, and also vegetables. This indicates an ardent need for increasing incentives in order to increase the yield per acre in field crops, vegetables, and fruits production, as well as milk and meat production (Pandey, 2009).
Sustainable Pavement Engineering
Published in Rajib B. Mallick, Tahar El-Korchi, Pavement Engineering, 2017
Rajib B. Mallick, Tahar El-Korchi
In the impact assessment phase, the environmental outflows are converted into environmental impacts in terms of impacts on humans, nature and depletion of resources, through the use of established assessment methodologies, such as the TRACI (Bare 2011) or the CML (Guinee et al., 2002).
Exploring the land use changes in Eastern Poland: statistics-based modeling
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2020
Tomasz Noszczyk, Agnieszka Rutkowska, Józef Hernik
Today, the growth of the industry and land development is inevitable. People need space to live and work in, so the population growth, high population density, migration, and economic and employment growth lead to a reduced surface area of agricultural land and increase in built-up areas (Sroka et al.2018). This was the case in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship where the surface area of built-up areas grew and the agricultural land shrunk the fastest, in particular over the last six years of the investigated period, which is shown clearly in Figure 3(A) and 3(C), respectively. Nevertheless, quick and uncontrolled urbanization may lead to a phenomenon referred to in the literature (Busko and Szafranska 2018) as “urban villages”. It is observed, for example, in China (Zhu 2017; Liu and Wong 2018) and has nothing to do with sustainable development, so it should be actively prevented. It is a duty of regional authorities of Eastern Poland to maintain the sustainable development of the region; they should protect areas with the best environmental assets. This difficult issue could be resolved by declaring land with high-quality soil class protected areas (Busko and Szafranska 2018). Pursuant to the Act on the protection of agricultural and forest land, protected areas may not be converted into land other than agricultural.