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Basic Chemical Hazards to Community and Landscape
Published in Jack Daugherty, Assessment of Chemical Exposures, 2020
The Global Warming Potential (GWP) is a time-integrated measure of the warming effect that an instantaneous release of 1 kg of any greenhouse gas has, compared to 1 kg of CO2. The contribution of CO2 is great, because of the enormous amount pumped into the atmosphere, although its GWP is least. Contribution, CGW, is calculated CGW=GWPGG×MGG
Refrigeration Lubricants
Published in Leslie R. Rudnick, Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants, 2020
Mark R. Baker, Michael G. Foster
Conducting business in the twenty-first century will depend on the ability to create products and services that generate economic prosperity and contribute to environmental quality and sustainability in a socially responsible and equitable manner. Over the last few decades, industry has faced two pressing environmental challenges: The need to move away from chemicals with high ozone-depleting potential (ODP) and meet the targets outlined in the Montreal Protocol.The need to move toward products which result in reduced global warming potential (GWP). Multiple treaties and agreements including the Kyoto Accord, the Kigali amendment to the Montreal Protocol, and the Paris Agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) outline targets to reduce global warming potential.2
3E (Energy, Economic, and Environmental) Analysis of Waste Management Strategies
Published in Rajeev Pratap Singh, Vishal Prasad, Barkha Vaish, Advances in Waste-to-Energy Technologies, 2019
Laith A. Hadidi, Qusay Mhmoud ALTamimi
The number of environmental laws and regulations has been dramatically increasing in the previous decades (Shonnard 2015). Kyoto protocol is an international treaty that commits the involved parties to reduce GHG emissions based on the scientific consensus that global warming is happening and human-made emissions is the main contributor to the phenomenon. Kyoto protocol identifies Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) as the GHGs of concern (Kyoto Protocol 2019). The contribution of these gasses to the global warming is different, therefore the global warming potential (GWP) is used to compare the effect of each of these gases on global warming over 100 years to the effect of CO2 gas over the same period. This allows for all of the GHG emissions to be measured using a uniform unit of CO2-eq. Table 5.2 highlights the GWP for each of the Kyoto protocol gases.
Experimental study to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide from cement plants: a case study on Asiabar local mineral pozzolan
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2023
Mojtaba Rangrazian, Reza Mahjoub, Rahmat Madandoust, Mehdi Raftari
Global Warming Potential (GWP) shows the effects of global warming of the greenhouse gases emissions, which occur within the life cycle of a product or system at a specific time in the future. This factor was devised to compare the effects of global warming of different gases. In particular, it is a criterion that indicates how much energy the emission of a ton of gas over a period of time can absorb compared to the emission of a ton of carbon dioxide (CO2). A higher GWP rate of a given gas implies that gas will warm the earth over that period of time more than the CO2. The time period for GWPs is usually 100 years. The GWPs provide a common unit of measurement, which allows for measuring the estimates of different gases’ emissions accordingly. The GWP is an appropriate criterion for policymakers to cling to aimed at comparing the relative climatic effects of two different emissions.
High-resolution spectroscopic measurements of cold samples in supersonic beams using a QCL dual-comb spectrometer*
Published in Molecular Physics, 2022
Josef A. Agner, Sieghard Albert, Pitt Allmendinger, Urs Hollenstein, Andreas Hugi, Pierre Jouy, Karen Keppler, Markus Mangold, Frédéric Merkt, Martin Quack
In the present publication, we report the combination of this technique with supersonic-jet spectroscopy, which should become a powerful method to study the infrared spectra of polyatomic molecules with applications, among others, to atmospheric trace gases. The molecules at the focus of this article, CHCl2F (dichlorofluoromethane: HCFC-21) [12,23,39–41] and CF4 (tetrafluoromethane: PFC-14) [42–46], are important examples, together with similar propellants and refrigerants. They are molecules of particular interest and are in the process of being phased out due to their effects on the ozone layer and their contribution to global warming. The Global Warming Potential (GWP) for gases compares the global warming resulting from the emission of 1 kg of a particular gas to that which results from the emission of 1 kg of CO2 (GWP = 1). The 100-year GWP value for CHCl2F and CF4 are 148 and 6500, respectively [47]. CF4 is, in addition, characterised by an extremely long lifetime in the Earth’s atmosphere, which is estimated to be more than 50'000 years [48].
Sustainable roadway construction: Economic and social impacts of roadways in the context of Ethiopia
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2021
Greenhouse Gases Emission and Emission Costs of the Pavements: In this research, life cycle inventory data of extraction and initial transformation of raw material, manufacturing, and placement were mainly collected from published reports from previous research and web databases (Håkan Hao & Rashmi, 2014; Stripple, 2001). Although multiple data sources are available for life cycle inventory data of typical pavement materials, discrepancies may exist due to different local conditions, technologies, and system boundaries. Greenhouse Gases (hazardous wastes) are potentially harmful not only to the health of human beings but also to the environment. Global Warming Potential (GWP) measures how much heat greenhouse gases trap in the atmosphere. The Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Greenhouse Gases assess the number of greenhouse gases released into the air (Keith et al., 2005).