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Climate Change Mitigation
Published in Dalia Štreimikienė, Asta Mikalauskienė, Climate Change and Sustainable Development, 2021
Dalia Štreimikienė, Asta Mikalauskienė
Trading of emissions is based on market forces and is suitable for reducing aggregate pollution in a large area. Therefore, such an economic model of the instrument is well suited to addressing global environmental challenges. Montgomery theoretically proved that the system, when exposed to market conditions, allows achieving environmental goals at the lowest possible cost. There are theoretical and practical examples of how the markets of sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides work to combat acid rain. While addressing climate change, a carbon emissions trading market is being created. Representatives of the industry believe that trading of emissions is more flexible than legal regulation and a future emissions trading will play an important role in corporate choices and encourage businesses to choose the lowest-cost emissions reduction method and promote green technology development in developing countries.
Direct air capture system: a feasibility study for Izmir
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2022
K.M. Murat Tunc, Levon Cagla, Mustafa Kasikci, Rafet Yagiz Caliskan, Zeynep Korkmaz
Carbon tax is the environmental tax that is used to minimise air pollution. Accordingly, producers and consumers are responsible for their environmental activities, which means that they are obliged to pay the amount of tax determined as compensation for pollution. Also, there are some advantages of a carbon taxation system, such as taxing carbon emissions may increase competition and make renewable energy sources relatively cheaper and hence more advantageous than burning fossil fuels. It will encourage investment in the renewable energy sector and lead to further technological development, such as Direct Air Capture (DAC) system (‘Carbon Tax – Wikipedia’ n.d.). Conversely, measuring how much carbon is produced from greenhouse gases is a challenging thing, and this creates difficulty in knowing how much carbon tax to charge. Currently, DAC can prevent this problem. It is also hard to know the exact cost of carbon emissions on the environment and future generations (‘SC 2018, c 12, s 186 III Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act,’ n.d.). Unfortunately, every nation did not apply the carbon taxation system, such as Turkey. Nowadays, carbon emission trading and carbon tax application are under consideration in the nation. The country has an important role in terms of energy potential. Also, there are many sectors in Turkey, and to estimate carbon tax is not clear at all. However, with some sector-based calculation methods, approximate yearly carbon tax values can be calculated, such as the one as follows.
Spatial evolution of water transportation industry based on multi-source data: understanding the structural consolidation and integration demand in coastal cities
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2023
This study combined with the visualization software to analyze the green total factor productivity of 13 shipping cities in Jiangsu Province from 2003 to 2018. Through the comparison with the traditional total factor productivity, it is found that the green total factor productivity is lower than the traditional total factor productivity, and the environmental pollution problem in the development of the water transportation industry needs attention (see Table 3). It can be seen from Figure 4 that from 2003 to 2005, there were many water transportation enterprises in the coastal areas of Jiangsu Province, which promoted economic development but also adversely affected the urban environment. By further decomposing green total factor productivity into green technology advancement and green technology efficiency, we can find that the main driving force in green total factor productivity of the water transportation industry in Jiangsu is green technology efficiency, and the slowing down of green technology advancement hinders the further improvement of green total factor productivity of the shipping industry. The green total factor productivity fluctuates greatly. Affected by the financial crisis and the tax reform, the green total factor productivity of the shipping industry dropped significantly from 2006 to 2013, and only a few regions have improved the green total factor productivity with no large-scale expansion of the water transportation industry during this period. This shows that under the consideration of energy and environmental constraints, The improvement of the overall green productivity of the water transportation industry in Jiangsu is limited. Considering that the “12th Five-Year Plan for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions” released in 2011 formally proposed “gradually establishing a carbon emission trading market” for the first time, and environmental regulations have to a certain extent inhibited the development of water transportation industry, we believe that the industrial structure of the water transportation industry in Jiangsu Province formed and was consolidated in 2011-2018, and the effective industrial structure optimization cannot be completed under the existing policies.