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The future of dispute resolution in the energy and natural resources sector
Published in Tina Soliman Hunter, Ignacio Herrera Anchustegui, Penelope Crossley, Gloria M. Alvarez, Routledge Handbook of Energy Law, 2020
There has been a significant role of state involvement in boosting and promoting investments to expand low-carbon energy industries, including solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, hydropower, hydrogen and nuclear. To do so, governments have relied on different mechanisms to grant financial incentives to the low-carbon energy source industries. Similarly, in Colombia7 and Spain,8 foreign investors have relied on attractive legal incentives to undertake certain types of energy business. Legal incentives have also given rise to a series of legal disputes between investors and states, mostly due to regulatory and legislative changes considered by energy companies when deciding to invest in a particular country. Therefore, given the complexity of energy projects, it should not come as a surprise that private investors and governments have felt the need to seek expertise from decision-makers – as legal adjudicators – who understand the complexity of an energy dispute. Consequently, it is not surprising that the international energy industry is the biggest user of international arbitration and that arbitration its preferred method of resolving international energy disputes.9
De-risking low carbon investments in the GCC
Published in Hisham M. Akhonbay, The Economics of Renewable Energy in the Gulf, 2018
The transition to low carbon development involves shifting investments traditionally directed toward conventional energy to activities that will contribute to a sustainable and clean energy infrastructure, including renewable energy technologies and energy efficiency initiatives. Such a transition, however, is far from straightforward. At present, a range of policy, regulatory, institutional and financial barriers hinder mobilization of adequate capital investment, including from the private sector. These barriers result in high investment costs and risks, despite the rapid decline of renewable energy technology costs in the last decade. High financial costs including costs of equity and debt, operating costs, and investment costs such as depreciation make investment in renewable energy more expensive and less attractive to private entrepreneurs who often compare it with the lower costs – and consequently higher returns – on fossil fuel based energy investments (Waissbein et al. 2013).
Introduction
Published in Heather Lovell, The Making of Low Carbon Economies, 2014
The Scottish Government has a somewhat more succinct and socially orientated definition of a low carbon economy as: … one where all products and services, right through the supply chain, embrace a low carbon approach. “Low carbon” is a way of thinking, behaving and operating that minimises carbon emissions while enabling sustainable use of natural resources, economic growth and quality of life improvements.(Scottish Government 2010: 3)
Spatiotemporal Analyses of News Media Coverage on “Nuclear Waste”: A Natural Language Processing Approach
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2023
Matthew D. Sweitzer, Thushara Gunda
Nuclear energy is one of the leading sources of low-carbon electricity across the world. It provided up to 10% of the global electricity supply in 2018.[1] Within the United States, the existing nuclear power fleet generates approximately 20% of the nation’s annual electricity.[2] Nuclear energy is also emerging as a key player for nations’ climate goals, with some estimating the need to double power generation by 2050.[3] In the United States, nearly all of the nation’s commercial spent nuclear fuel is currently stored at the reactor sites where it was generated, either submerged in pools of water (wet storage)[4] or in shielded casks (dry storage).[5] For the foreseeable future, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission has determined that the spent fuel can continue to be safely stored in licensed facilities.
Investigation of carbon footprint effect of renewable power plants regarding energy production: A case study of a city in Turkey
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2022
Carbon footprint emissions can occur both directly and indirectly caused by activity and are accumulated over the LC of the product (Wiedmann and Minx 2007). That is, while the carbon footprint can occur directly during the operation of the power plant, it also occurs at other non-operational stages of the LC. Fossil-fueled technologies such as coal, oil, and gas have a large carbon footprint since these fuels are used during operation. Non-fossil fuel-based technologies such as wind, solar, hydro, nuclear, wave/tidal, and biomass are called low carbon since they do not emit CO2 during their operation. These technologies, on the other hand, cannot be described as “carbon-free.” CO2 emissions occur during various phases of their LC, including during extraction, transportation, processing, construction, maintenance, and decommissioning, despite the fact that they do not occur during energy generation (POST. Parlimentary Office of Science and Technology. Carbon Footprint of Electricity Generation 2006). The LC of carbon emissions for electricity generation technologies is given in Figure 1.
Role of economic complexity to induce renewable energy: contextual evidence from G7 and E7 countries
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2021
Muhammad Zahid Rafique, Buhari Doğan, Shaiara Husain, Shaoan Huang, Umer Shahzad
Within the energy economics literature, short- and long-term relationships among energy consumption and economic growth have been studied. For several years, the causality problem between energy sources and economic growth has been very popular among many appealing topics in the domain of energy economics and studied by several authors. Energy shortages, climate change, and global warming have forced governments to improve energy efficiency policies to develop low-carbon economies. Energy efficiency can yield profits such as a reduction in the costs of energy or minimized carbon emissions. In this regard, renewable energy (RE) has gained significant popularity and importance as a source of alternative energy. Keeping in mind the important role played by RE for future reliable and sustainable energy, understanding the major determinants of RE will provide valuable conclusions for energy policy. There has been a bulk of literature on nonrenewable energy consumption for the past twenty years (Omri 2013; Ozturk 2010) but the literature on RE is still scant and in its early phase (Fatima, Shahzad, and Cui 2020; Marques and Fuinhas 2012).