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The Water-Energy-Food Nexus in Europe
Published in Velma I. Grover, Amani Alfarra, Water, Sustainable Development and the Nexus, 2019
Fabiani S., Dalla Marta A., Orlandini S., Cimino O., Bonati G., Altobelli F.
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) defined food security as: "...when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life" (World Food Summit, 1996). The Global Water Partnership (GWP) defined water security as: "Ensuring the availability of adequate and reliable water resources of acceptable quality, to underpin water service provision for all social and economic activities in a manner that is environmentally sustainable; mitigating water-related risks, such as floods, droughts and pollution..." (GWP, 2012). Finally, energy security has been defined as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at affordable prices. There is an evolving agenda around the promotion of diversity, efficiency and flexibility within the energy sectors so that they are able to respond to energy emergencies. However, 87% of the energy supply comes from oil, coal and gas. Agricultural energy use increases in the course of agricultural intensification, both directly (i.e., through the use of energy intensive fertilizers, tractors and the pumping of water), and indirectly (i.e., transportation, processing, packing, refrigeration) (Lele et al., 2013).
Forging a more centralized GCC renewable energy policy
Published in Hisham M. Akhonbay, The Economics of Renewable Energy in the Gulf, 2018
Omar Al-Ubaydli, Ghada Abdulla, Lama Yaseen
Renewable energy offers several advantages over traditional power sources, most notably lower environmental damage (Dincer 2000). Beyond this, energy security benefits stem from the diversification of energy sources (Valentine 2011), even in the case of energy-exporting countries, as energy sources vary in terms of susceptibility to threats such as natural disasters or terrorist attacks. Such advantages have motivated all six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries to invest significant resources in developing their own renewable energy projects, as they seek to shift away from dependence upon fossil fuels. In 2015, renewables investments in the GCC were around $900 million, with $400 million invested by the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (MBR) solar park and $400 million invested by Kuwait in the Shagaya Renewable Energy Park (IRENA 2016b). Similarly, in 2011, the UAE invested $800 million in the Shams 1 solar power project (IRENA 2016b).
The UN, global governance and the SDGs
Published in Raimund Bleischwitz, Holger Hoff, Catalina Spataru, Ester van der Voet, Stacy D. VanDeveer, Routledge Handbook of the Resource Nexus, 2017
Maria Ivanova, Natalia Escobar-Pemberthy
Adequate, secure, and sustainable energy at affordable prices is critical to human well-being. Over one billion people, however, have no access to electricity and 2.9 billion cook with inefficient and polluting fuels (United Nations and World Bank, 2016). With growing population and increasing standards of living, global energy demand is rising steadily and rapidly. The World Energy Council projects a doubling of global energy demand by 2050 (World Energy Council, 2013). Energy production and consumption is also the main contributor to climate change. Energy security therefore will be defined by energy transitions to renewable energy sources as countries seek to tackle the challenge of making energy available to all while reducing its carbon intensity. The commitments that countries and companies made as a result of the Paris Agreement have advanced the demand for and supply of low-carbon energy options and shifted investment towards such low-carbon sources. Coupled with a fall in fossil-fuel subsidies from $500 billion in 2014 to $325 billion in 2015, these dynamics point to a transition in the global energy systems (International Energy Agency (IEA), 2016). Importantly, while recent years have seen a number of calls for energy independence, the future of the energy sector will continue to be characterized by interdependence and demand an even greater role of international organizations to produce international energy standards.
Economic and performance evaluation of grid-connected residential solar photovoltaic systems in Northwest China
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Energy is the material basis for the development of human society, and energy security is an important part of national security. The non-fossil energy development replaced by renewable energy has become an important part of the world’s energy supply system in order to reduce environmental pollution and promote the sustainable development of socio-economic (National Renewable Energy Center, Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission for Renewable Energy Development Center 2018; Liu 2019). The amounts of electricity generated from renewable energy generation such as grid-connected solar power, grid-connected wind power, hydropower, biomass power, geothermal and ocean power are increasing in the past 10 years. Figure 1 shows the renewable energy generation in China from 2007 to 2017 (National Renewable Energy Center, Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission for Renewable Energy Development Center 2018).
Social benefit cost and life cycle cost analysis of sustainable biodiesel bus transport in India
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2021
Anal Sheth, Debasis Sarkar, Indrajit Mukhopadhyay
LCCA is a decision-making tool which can be effectively used to establish the economic feasibility of a project. Berawi et al. (2016) employed it for the energy infrastructure of Indonesia on a timescale indicating a positive move towards transportation sector sustainable development. Much research and testing are being conducted worldwide exploring the alternative mechanisms for vehicle transportation. Many debates have been held, and views expressed on the topic of mobility will lead to lower local emissions, and is accepted as an environmentally friendly practice compared to diesel-based mobility, there have been concerns over energy security, as well as the environmental pollution caused by the fossil fuels used for transportation. Energy security can be enhanced by promoting more usage of renewable energy. One of the significant causes of the slow pace of the adoption is the economics involved. The sustainable development of infrastructure projects such as mass rapid transit systems (MRTS) is a challenge if the mode of the operation is renewable energy based, such as electric or biodiesel vehicles. Demands for such projects need to be studied and forecast. Husin et al. (2015) also applied a system dynamic approach to forecast the demand on mega infrastructure projects.
Artificial neural network models for global solar energy and photovoltaic power forecasting over India
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Gulnar Perveen, M. Rizwan, Nidhi Goel, Priyanka Anand
Global warming, energy crisis, and energy security is becoming the major challenge soon and therefore it becomes necessary to use and develop alternative, sustainable, and clean energy resources for power generation. Thus, the use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) is invigorated; since solar energy is inexhaustible in nature, therefore, considered to be the most promising renewable resources for large scale power generation. Further, the power generation from solar PV system has introduced significant economic and environmental interests and may be able to reduce the carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions significantly and becoming a source of creating employment as well. Therefore, an accurate analysis for predicting RES can be very helpful in this perspective. For monitoring these RES, measuring equipment are installed at the projected sites; however, such meteorological sites are insufficient for providing radiation data because of costly equipment’s, its maintenance, proper calibration of the instruments, and sufficient record period. Due to unavailability of data, a need has arisen for introducing intelligent approaches for global solar energy forecasting. Further, concept of PV power generation becomes imperative for investors to market and make a decisive policy for proper energy planning. Since the solar energy changes throughout the day from dawn to dusk with changes in seasonal variation, time, and geographical locations; therefore, if investors could understand the concept of short-term photovoltaic power generation, it would help them to strategize the market policy for investment purpose.