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Energy Storage Technologies for Microgrids
Published in Stephen A. Roosa, Fundamentals of Microgrids, 2020
Microgrids provide a ready market for energy storage. Unlike hydropower and geothermal generation resources, renewables such as solar and wind power are classic examples of resources that provide intermittent generation. To increase capacities, meet periods of high demand, and smooth the electric power provided to the system, energy storage is often a necessity. Reserve capacity is needed to maintain high-penetration microgrids [29]. There is a growing realization that electrical energy storage systems will be a key component of future electricity transmission networks, particularly those with heavy dependence on renewable resources [30]. Modern energy storage systems: 1) enable a match between supply and demand; 2) replace inefficient auxiliary power production; 3) ensure electric grid stability with a diversified energy supply and increased levels of renewable penetration; 4) ensure security of supply; and 5) facilitate distributed generation [30]. There are numerous types of electrical and thermal energy storage technologies, differentiated by power and energy density, physical size, cost, charge and discharge time periods, and market readiness (see Figures 7.3 and 7.4) [30].
Engineering ethics and public policy
Published in Riadh Habash, Green Engineering, 2017
The above forecast exposes a worldwide problem with energy. However, what exactly is the energy issue? Simple, demand is or will become higher than supply. Energy supply has immense benefit, but the sheer scale of present demand does increasing harm, especially from pollutant emissions and other adverse environmental impacts. This problem has mainly been articulated to fossil fuels and mainly with regard to oil, the most important current energy source. Fossil fuels by definition are nonrenewable and are destined to run out, so economies will be forced to change as these fuels are depleted. A solution could be realized by finding ways to increase energy supply as well as to decrease energy demand. Both are, to a certain extent, technological challenges, which can be addressed by engaging additional or alternative energy sources that would help to increase the supply of energy. It is also required to develop more energy-efficient techniques to use energy that would help to decrease the overall demand (OECD 2007).
Biodiesel Promotion Policies
Published in Ozcan Konur, Biodiesel Fuels, 2021
Shashi Kumar Jain, Sunil Kumar, A. Chaube
Climate experts expect global carbon emissions from fossil fuels and cement production to rise in 2020, from an estimated 36.8 billion tonnes of CO2 last year (Guardian, 2020). Table 17.3 shows very alarming data as economic development in the USA, China, India, and other parts of the world has led to positive growth in CO2 emissions. Hence, the global energy system needs imminent transformation. The present energy supply system mainly based on fossil fuels has to be based, instead, on renewable energy. This can eventually lead to fulfilment of the United Nations’ SDG 7 which ensures access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all – not for just some.
Physicochemical analysis and intermediate pyrolysis of Bambara Groundnut Shell (BGS), Sweet Sorghum Stalk (SSS), and Shea Nutshell (SNS)
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Mustapha Danladi Ibrahim, Yousif Abdalla Abakr, Suyin Gan, Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar
The two significant challenges that countries are currently facing are climate change and the high demand for fossil fuels. Renewable energy sources have become essential to supplement fossil fuels in the energy supply and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and global warming impacts. Biomass is an energy source with high carbon material next to coal and fossil fuels. Biomass consists of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and a negligible amounts of sulphur, and nitrogen, indicating its potential as bioenergy. The main biomass components are polysaccharides, lignin, oxygenated compounds, and highly polymerized macromolecules. Traditional biomass constitutes ∼13% of energy demand in cooking and heating and it has declined in some regions as new and more efficient energy sources substitute them. Currently, biofuel provides around 3% of the world’s fuel for transport and is expected to 12% of global transportation fuel demand in 2030 [1].
Trends in an increased dependence towards hydropower energy utilization—a short review
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2019
Girma T. Chala, M. I. N. Ma’Arof, Rakesh Sharma
Renewable energy sources have become the choices of future energy supply, chiefly due to energy security and the sustained emissions emanating from conventional energy sources leading to global warming. In this line, hydro energy has been utilized in many countries to contribute significantly in the process of substituting fossil fuels in the years ahead. In this paper, the trends of utilizing hydropower energy have been discussed to highlight its current status in regard to different aspects. Though hydropower has become a key candidate for considerable utilizations, the main hindrance for the expansion of large hydropower plant lies on the huge deforestation encountered during the development, which could result in the destruction of critical ecosystems, migration of large population at downstream, flash floods and landslides. This primary setback can be alleviated with the utilization of small or micro hydropower plants, which have been under increased utilization nowadays.
An overview of electrification rural areas in Palestine by using micro-grid solar energy
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2019
Renewable energy sources have become the choices of future energy supply, chiefly due to energy security and the sustained emissions emanating from conventional energy sources leading to global warming. In this line, micro-grids-distributed systems of local energy generation are today technologically and operationally ready to provide communities with electricity services, particularly in rural areas in Palestine and other neighboring countries. These micro-grids provide a range of services, from residential lighting alone to entertainment, refrigeration, and productive commercial uses like milling. Depending on the number of customers served, the types of services provided. The objective of this research is to show the social, economic, environmental, and technical impact of electrification small communities in Palestine by using micro-grid solar PV systems.