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Ferroalloys Waste Production and Utilization
Published in Sehliselo Ndlovu, Geoffrey S. Simate, Elias Matinde, Waste Production and Utilization in the Metal Extraction Industry, 2017
Sehliselo Ndlovu, Geoffrey S. Simate, Elias Matinde
Generally, the bulk of the world’s commercial chromite deposits are found in two forms, namely, stratiform and podiform deposits (Gu and Wills, 1988; International Chromium Development Association, 2011c; Murthy et al., 2011). Stratiform deposits, such as those found in the Bushveld Igneous Complex of South Africa, are associated with large mafic or ultramafic layered intrusions (Gu and Wills, 1988; International Chromium Development Association, 2011c; Murthy et al., 2011). On the other hand, the podiform deposits are usually in the shape of pods, ranging from pea-sized nodules to large bodies hundreds of metres in extent, and typically have a highly irregular geometry and a high Cr:Fe ratio. Podiform chromite deposits are considered an important source for chromite, particularly for high-chromium, low-Al2O3 ores used in metallurgical applications, and for high-Al2O3, low-chromium ores used in refractory materials (Mosier et al., 2012). Kazakhstan, India and Finland predominantly exploit podiform deposits, while the chromite ore mineralization in Zimbabwe’s Great Dyke has both the stratiform and podiform deposits (Gu and Wills, 1988; International Chromium Development Association, 2011c; Murthy et al., 2011).
The Leaching of Palladium from Polymetallic Oxide Ores using Alkaline Ferricyanide Solutions
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2023
Huan Li, Elsayed Oraby, G. A. Bezuidenhout, Jacques Eksteen
Platinum-group metals commonly exist together in nature while the economic reserve is scarce. Currently, platinum-group metals are produced from their primary concentrate, and as by-products of chromite or Cu-Ni mines. They have also been actively recycled from catalytic converters, electronics, and jewelry, accounting for around 29% of the global Pd supply in 2018 (Singerling and Schulte 2021). The geologic distribution of platinum-group metals is dramatically uneven. As shown in Figure 1, South Africa and Russia own about 97% of platinum-group metal reserves in the world and contributed to most of the Pd production. In South Africa, the largest platinum-group metal deposit is the Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC), containing 3–9 g/t platinum-group metals in ore, associated with base metals (Ni, Cu, etc.) with complex mineralogy (Cramer 2001; Mpinga et al. 2015).