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Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles for Smart Nanodevices in the Treatment of Diseases
Published in Suvardhan Kanchi, Rajasekhar Chokkareddy, Mashallah Rezakazemi, Smart Nanodevices for Point-of-Care Applications, 2022
Platinum is also a chemical element with the symbol Pt [76]. Platinum was used in biomedical applications [77] as well as being utilized in vehicle emissions control devices, jewelry [78], and petroleum refining [79] and for electrical applications such as hard disk drives [80]. The PtNPs are highly remarkable owing to their intrinsic physicochemical and biological properties making them an effective candidate for catalytic and biomedical applications [81,82] like targeted drug delivery systems [83], anticancer conjugates, anticancer theranostic agents [84] and anti-Alzheimer's disease compounds [85].
The Baseline
Published in Karlheinz Spitz, John Trudinger, Mining and the Environment, 2019
Karlheinz Spitz, John Trudinger
A heavy gray-white, malleable metal, platinum is extremely rare, with the result that it is significantly more valuable than gold. Like gold, platinum is resistant to tarnish and corrosion. Used in a variety of technological processes and applications, platinum is a highly effective catalyst; demand for this metal increased markedly with the advent of catalytic converters, installed to reduce pollution from internal combustion engines.
Contact Materials
Published in Milenko Braunovic, Valery V. Konchits, Nikolai K. Myshkin, Electrical Contacts, 2017
Milenko Braunovic, Valery V. Konchits, Nikolai K. Myshkin
Platinum has an exceptional resistance to tarnishing, oxidation, and corrosion. For this reason platinum contacts provide a highly stable transition resistance. It is suitable for light-duty applications where operating currents are below 2 A, the contact-pressure is low and where the reliability is the most important parameter. The minimal arc formation current for platinum is the highest (0.9 A) compared to other noble metals (0.35–0.45 A). The voltage of arc ignition for platinum is also higher than for other metals. However, under fretting conditions, platinum contacts are susceptible to frictional polymerization.
Development of in-situ electro-generated chlorine leaching and its application to the leaching of platinum
Published in Geosystem Engineering, 2022
Min-Seuk Kim, Rina Kim, Kyeong-Woo Chung, Jae-Chun Lee
Platinum has been employed for various high-tech applications such as catalysts, electronic devices, corrosion-resistant materials, etc. Its recovery from secondary resources is imperative to conserve natural resources and meet future demand. The spent automotive catalysts are one of the important secondary resources of PGMs since they contain platinum, palladium, and rhodium in considerably high concentrations (Trinh et al., 2020). The PGMs in the spent automotive catalyst could be recovered either by dissolving PGMs in the presence of oxidizing agents or by dissolving the substrate of the catalyst. In the present study, we adopted the IECL process for the extraction of platinum from the spent automotive catalyst. The effect of process parameters, viz., chlorine generation at different current densities, leaching time, temperature, and pulp density, were studied to evaluate the IECL process.
Studies in Solvent Extraction and Supported Liquid Membrane for Platinum Recovery from Chloride Media by Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Phosphate
Published in Indian Chemical Engineer, 2019
Shweta Kumbhaj, Vandana Prabhu, Anand V. Patwardhan
Platinum and its compounds have been extensively used for various applications in industries such as petroleum refining, electronics, chemical, pharmaceuticals, jewellery, fuel cells, automobile industry, etc., because of its specific physical and chemical properties like resistance to corrosion and oxidation, electrical conductivity, high melting point, and extraordinary catalytic properties [1,2]. In the automotive industry, platinum is found to be a very important metal due to its use in catalytic converters (honeycomb-like structure consisting of minute channels coated with platinum and/or palladium as well as rhodium) which converts vehicle exhaust emissions into less harmful carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water vapour [1,2]. Availability of platinum in the earth’s crust is very limited. In addition, the continuously increasing industrial demand has urged researchers exploring new options in its separation and recovery from secondary resources [3]. Spent catalyst recovery from automotive and petroleum industries form major secondary resources of platinum [1] that can be considered as generating wealth from waste, which in turn adds to environmental protection and resources saving. There are many methods for the recovery of platinum and other platinum group metals from spent catalysts. However, the fraction recovered from such secondary sources reaches to about 40% of the overall amount [4].
Synthesis of quaternary ammonium rice straw lignin and its adsorption properties for PtCl62-
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2018
Baoping Zhang, Meichen Guo, Yun Liu, Bowen Shen
Platinum is widely used in the fields of electronics, energy, military, decoration and so on because of its excellent physical and chemical properties.[1] The traditional extraction techniques including pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy and ion exchange have been widely used to extract platinum from primary mineral, byproducts of Cu-Ni anode slime and secondary resources.[234] However, pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy are of the disadvantages of low recovery rate, high energy consumption and serious pollution because raw materials need to be pretreated to remove base metals and make platinum enriched. After that, platinum-group metals are gradually separated from the mixture system through a long complex process.[5] Ion exchange has the advantages of short process and high recovery rate because platinum can be extracted directly from multiple metal ions solution without pretreatment of raw materials by ion exchange.[6,7] But ion exchange resin is expensive and has pernicious products like tar and benzene when it was burned. Therefore achieving the extraction metallurgy to be efficient, economical and environmental friendly has been the most urgent problem for the present.