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Water and the Hydrosphere
Published in Dexter Perkins, Kevin R. Henke, Adam C. Simon, Lance D. Yarbrough, Earth Materials, 2019
Dexter Perkins, Kevin R. Henke, Adam C. Simon, Lance D. Yarbrough
Very salty water is called brine, which, by definition, has TDS greater than 50 ppt. Most brines form when landlocked bodies of water, such as the Salton Sea, evaporate, leading to a buildup of salt content. Brine is also found in deep groundwater associated with petroleum deposits and in brine pools, which are localized bodies of water collected in depressions in the seafloor that have salinities several times greater than normal ocean water. The source of the salt in most brine pools is underlying bedrock salt deposits. Less commonly, in pools near Antarctica, the extra salt derives from brine originally trapped in sea ice. Some rare brines may have TDS values as high as 350 ppt.
Aluminium-normalised trace-element paleoredox proxies and their application to the study of the conditions of Burgess Shale-type preservation
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2023
K. C. Meehan, W. G. Powell, D. M. McKirdy, P. A. Hall, C. Nedin, P. A. Johnston, C. J. Collom
In their analysis of BST fossil beds in the Burgess Shale Formation at the Monarch site, Johnston, Johnston, Collom, et al. (2009) documented priapulid-rich faunal assemblages on the periphery of lenses of Mg-rich mudstone beds that commonly contain microbial BST fossils. They also documented crinkled bedding plane textures indicative of a microbial matground. These features were interpreted to reflect a fringing community localised around a brine-pool that supported chemosynthetic bacterial communities. In a more recent study, Johnston et al. (2017) interpreted similar Mg-rich mud lithosomes at Mount Stephen as products of seafloor mud volcanism, with brine seepage and associated microbial productivity occurring during times of quiescence.
Effect of a narrow channel inserted in the conventional ice block mold with brine injection on the productivity and ice formation behavior of the low temperature brine bathing ice production process
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2023
Anusorn Chinsuwan, Phurich Vaiyaphoch
Block ice is an ice which is cuboid in shape. Ice of 270 × 560 × 1500 mm3 in size is most popularly used in Thailand and neighboring countries. It is produced by bathing a galvanized steel sheet mold full of water in a low-temperature brine pool. After water is changed completely into ice, the ice can be removed from the mold by bathing the mold in a room temperature water pool.