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Mining and the Environment
Published in Sheila Devasahayam, Kim Dowling, Manoj K. Mahapatra, Sustainability in the Mineral and Energy Sectors, 2016
Greg You, Dakshith Ruvin Wijesinghe
Blasting is an activity carried out in all mining operations that use drilling and blasting methods. Two main impacts from blasting are overpressure and ground vibration, which can create numerous environmental impacts. Hence, most of the regulations related to blasting sustainability have provided measures to address problems related to these two factors. The blasting operations in Australia are regulated by the following acts and guidelines: Australian and New Zealand Environment Council, technical basis for guidelines to minimise annoyance due to blasting overpressure and ground vibrationDepartment of Environment, Climate Change and Water (DECCW), assessing vibration: a technical guidelineEnvironmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979, administered by the Department of PlanningProtection of the Environment Operations Act 1997, administered by DECCW (Newsouth Wales Minerals Council, 2009)
Vibration and Blasting Damage
Published in Randall Noon, Introduction to Forensic Engineering, 2020
In some communities, it is a legal requirement that a building or residence be surveyed prior to any nearby blasting. This usually involves making a photographic record of the building. If any claims of damage from the blasting occur, the claimed damage can the be compared to the photographic record, to examine whether any changes have occurred.
Blasting
Published in M. Sengupta, Environmental Impacts of Mining, 2018
Several states, including West Virginia, Tennessee, Ohio, Montana, and Kentucky, have established guidelines for preventing or holding vibrational damage to a minimum. Most state laws concerning blasting pertain only to safety, storage, handling, and transportation of explosives.
Blasting damage control of slit charge structure
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2023
Chenglong Xiao, Renshu Yang, Zhiwei Zhao, Shuai You, Songlin He, Yuantong Zhang
With the rising demand for protection of surrounding rock and roadway contour in blasting construction, reducing blasting damage and improving the quality of roadway contour have become a pressing issue [8]. Controlled blasting is a widely used technique to reduce rock damage and control ground vibrations [9]. Some of the controlled blasting techniques include indenting blasting, shaped blasting, and slit charge blasting. Slit charge blasting involves pre-placing the explosive in the pipe with slits, wherein the pipe has a pre-defined strength and thickness [10]. Following the detonation of the explosive, the blast energy is mainly released along the slit, resulting in directional fracturing of the surrounding rock. In the mid-1970s, W.L. Fourney et al. [11] proposed prefabrication of slits along the axial direction of columnar cartridges, which made a great contribution to the development of slit cartridges. Subsequently, Wang and Wei [12] investigated the key factors affecting the blasting impact of the slit charge and concluded that the thickness of the pipe and width of the slit had a significant influence on the directional fracturing effect of the slit charge. Zhang and Yang [13] calculated the fractal dimension of a roadway contour and analyzed the mechanism of the energy utilization rate of blasting. Yue et al. [14,15] studied the blasting effect of the slit charge using a decoupling charge structure and obtained an optimum directional fracture effect of the slit charge with an axial decoupling coefficient ranging between 1.5 and 2.0.
Investigating the destressing mechanism of roof deep-hole blasting for mitigating rock bursts in underground coal mines
Published in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2022
Jiliang Kan, Linming Dou, Xuwei Li, Jiazhuo Li, Yanjiang Chai
By analyzing the occurrence conditions of rock bursts and the rock blasting damaged characteristic, the mechanism of RDHB for mitigating rock bursts can be described in two aspects. On the one hand, blasting in rock destroys rock structure along with the release of elastic strain energy accumulated in rock. Since the damaged rock has poor loading capacity and energy storage capacity, the local stress of rock around the blasting hole was effectively reduced and the stress peak was transferred to the surrounding areas after blasting. As a result, the potential of rock bursts is markedly reduced by changing the stress condition. On the other hand, the stiffness condition of the roof-coal-floor system changes fundamentally due to the blasting damage of roof rock, it will influence the energy transfer in the surrounding rock system. To be specific, when RDHB has an ideal effect, that is to say, the strength and stiffness of roof rock are weakened to be less than that of coal. As discussed earlier, rock burst is less likely to occur under such conditions.
Improving mine-to-mill by data warehousing and data mining
Published in International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 2019
Mustafa Erkayaoglu, Sean Dessureault
The cost related to blasting is considered low as compared to modifying downstream processes, such as crushing or grinding. Therefore, optimal blasting fragmentation is key to success in mine-to-mill studies. This study gave the basics to construct a data-driven framework for mining engineering supported by real-time data of an integrated data warehouse. As a result of implementing the proposed methodology on site, the performance of drilling and blasting was improved. The drilling parameters tracked by the drill navigation system were one of the major real-time data inputs for the data mining application in this study and by highlighting these as important, the mine operation started to monitor drilled depth in detail. This also improved the performance of the drilling equipment operators. Similarly, the amount of explosive charged to a blasthole was stated to be a crucial variable for mine-to-mill purposes by the adaptive boosting algorithm. The tools that were introduced in this study enabled experts on site to focus on this operational stage and prioritise it for better blasting performance. An integrated data warehouse was a fundamental component of this study, as real-time integrated data determined the success of the research. Different sources of real-time data were utilised to determine data relationships or patterns significant to the mine-to-mill process.