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Bioprospecting of Microbial Diversity for Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
Published in Vineet Kumar, Vinod Kumar Garg, Sunil Kumar, Jayanta Kumar Biswas, Omics for Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Systems, 2023
Hiren K. Patel, Nensi K. Thumar, Priyank D. Patel, Azaruddin V. Gohil
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are symbiotic fungi associated with plants through mutualistic relation. AMF use plant as a host to complete their life cycle as they are compulsory biotrophs (Ferrol et al. 2004). AMF complete their life cycle using the plant as a host; in turn, they give many benefits to the plant, such as the regulation of photosynthesis, controlled water loss and absorption, ability to combat stressed conditions, osmoregulation, and protection from phytopathogens (Ahanger et al. 2014). Most AMF belong to Mucoromycota phylum. There are four orders of AMF: (1) Archaeosporales, (2) Glomerales, (3) Diversisporales, and (4) Paraglomerales. These fungi can produce various structures such as hyphae, spores, vesicles, and arbuscules. AMF can be used as biofertilizers as they affect carbon dioxide fixation for the growth of photosynthetic microbes and plants, decompose organic matter through hyphae, and thus increase soil nutrients level by sink mechanism (Begum et al. 2019).
2 nanoparticles
Published in Binoy K. Saikia, Advances in Applied Chemistry and Industrial Catalysis, 2022
Various beneficial bacteria and fungi such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play vital roles in maintaining both soil and plant health (Ameen et al. 2021). Due to these, the impact of NPs on the soil microorganisms growth has been studied (Ameen et al. 2021; Jalvo et al. 2017; Judy et al. 2015; Priyanka et al. 2017; Rashid et al. 2021; Shah et al. 2014; Starnes et al. 1987).
Halophilic Rhizobacteria as the Acquaintance of Crop Plants Enduring Soil Salinity
Published in Ajar Nath Yadav, Ali Asghar Rastegari, Neelam Yadav, Microbiomes of Extreme Environments, 2021
Deepanwita Deka, Dhruva Kumar Jha
Cho et al. (2006) demonstrated that inoculations with AM (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal) fungi improved plant growth under salt stress. Egamberdiyeva (2007) reported three PGPR isolates Pseudomonas alcaligenes PsA15, Bacillus polymyxa BcP26 and Mycobacterium phlei MbP18 which could tolerate high salt concentration like calcisol and capable of surviving in saline soils. Kohler et al. (2009) examined the impact of PGPR Pseudomonas mendocina, inoculated alone or in combination with an AM fungus Glomus intraradices or G. mosseae, on growth, nutrient uptake and other physiological activities of Lactuca sativa growing in saline soil. They observed that plants inoculated with P. mendocina had threateningly greater shoot biomass than the controls and recommended that inoculation with selected PGPR could be an effective tool for assuaging salinity stress in salt sensitive plants (Kohler et al. 2009). It has been established that rhizosphere bacteria isolated from different stressed habitats possessed stress tolerance capacity along with the plant growth-promoting characters and consequently might be suggested as potential candidates for seed bacterization for salt stress tolerance (Kohler et al. 2009). Plants inoculated with PGPR showed heightened root and shoot biomass and biochemical levels such as chlorophyll, carotenoids and protein (Tiwari et al. 2011). However, the interaction of PGPR with other microbes and their effect on the physiological response of crop plants under different soil salinity conditions are yet to be extensively investigated. Inoculations of PGPR and other microbes to salt sensitive crop plants could serve as a potential device for lessening salinity stress in those plants (Yadav et al. 2017a; Yadav and Yadav 2019). Hence, extensive exploration is required in this area and the utilization of PGPR and other symbiotic microorganisms can be advantageous in developing stratagems to enable sustainable agriculture in saline soils.
The yield potential and growth responses of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) to mycorrhization under Pb and Cd stress
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2021
Leila Tabrizi, Mahdiyeh Lakzaei, Babak Motesharezadeh
The results of different studies have shown that at high concentration of heavy metals, there is a possibility of their accumulation in plant and the main accumulation first occurs in root and then in other parts of the plant (Peer et al. 2005). In heavy metals contaminated soils, the presence of microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere can alter the availability and toxicity of heavy metals for plants and thus play an important role in phytoremediation. The efficiency of mycorrhizal fungi on elimination of heavy metals toxicity is dependent on the growth media, plant type and species of symbiotic fungi, in general mycorrhizal fungi cause modify the toxicity created by the metals (Biro and Takacs 2007). In fact, the positive effect of mycorrhiza on heavy metals toxicity is due to their fixation in fungal organs by poly-phosphate granules or complex with wall compounds such as chitin and melanin (Vogel-Mikus et al. 2006).
A Growth and Phosphorus Uptake of Soybean (Glycine Max L.) in Response to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus Intraradices Inoculation in Heavy Metal-contaminated Soils
Published in Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2021
Nurudeen Olatunbosun Adeyemi, Mufutau Olaoye Atayese, Olalekan Suleiman Sakariyawo, Jamiu Oladipupo Azeez, Adebanke Olubode, Mudathir Ridwan, Rukayat Adebayo, Samuel Adeoye
Mutualistic associations of most terrestrial plants including agricultural crops with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can serve as one of the most effective defense approaches against abiotic stresses including bioremediation of heavy metals and promotion of plant tolerance (González -Chávez et al., 2004). Thus, AMF inoculation is considered a potential technological solution in bioremediation. Ameliorative effects of AMF symbiosis on plants under heavy metals stress are attributed to processes such as the reduction of heavy metal adsorption (Gonzalez -Chavez et al. 2004; Wang et al. 2012), dilution of heavy metals and enhancing plant nutrient absorption (Wang 2017; Wang et al. 2017).
Interactive Effects of Potassium and Mycorrhizal Fungi on Glomalin and Biochemical Responses of Sunflower Grown in a Pb and Zn Contaminated Soil
Published in Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2022
Mojtaba Jahantigh, Zahra Ahmadabadi, Babak Motesharezadeh, Hossein Ali Alikhani, Seyedeh Mahsa Hosseini, Qifu Ma
In soils contaminated with heavy metals, the presence of microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere can alter the availability or toxicity of heavy metals to the plant, and thus play an important role in phytoremediation through the fixation of heavy metals in mycorrhizal plants (Ambrosini et al. 2015; Gong and Tian 2019). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate the impacts of the stress conditions via different mechanisms including extracellular chelating, change of selective plasma membrane permeabilization, intracellular chelating, and reduction of the concentrations of heavy metal ions in cell (Gohre and Paszkowski 2006; Jiang et al. 2016).