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Water Systems/Saving Our Valuable Resource
Published in Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Ray E. Richardson, Brian W. Fardo, Energy Conservation Guidebook, 2020
Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Ray E. Richardson, Brian W. Fardo
The location of components in a freshwater distribution system varies a great deal among different building installations. This is primarily dependent on the type of building and the intended function of each component. As a general rule, most plumbing components are designed to perform some type of control function. Valves, cocks, and faucets are used to alter the flow of water through distribution lines. Water meters measure the total amount of water that flows into the system during a given period of time. Water heaters control the temperature of water in a parallel distribution line. Each component has a specific role to play in the operation of the system. If one component does not function properly, it may alter the performance of other parts of the system.
Network operation and maintenance
Published in Nemanja Trifunović, Introduction to Urban Water Distribution, 2020
In any case, the accuracy of water meters reduces after a few years in operation (see Figure 6.48). A severe drop in the accuracy of the measurements can occur as soon as five years of operation. This is again particularly evident in the lower range of flow rates. Therefore, the measuring devices have to be regularly checked, and if necessary repaired and re-installed. The choice between the two options will depend on the cost evaluation of each renewal and increased water loss due to malfunctioning (Figure 6.49). The economic period varies between six and 12 years and in exceptional cases longer; water meters are most commonly replaced every eight to ten years.
Urban scale sustainable design
Published in Rob Fleming, Saglinda H Roberts, Sustainable Design for the Built Environment, 2019
Rob Fleming, Saglinda H Roberts
Human systems: Community ownership of wind turbines and public campaigns to attack negative perceptions of wind turbines are being used to educate and provide incentives. From the Culture Perspective, Copenhagen is using incentives to encourage property owners to deal with stormwater directly on-site either through cisterns or percolation into the soil – a culture change. Water meters help residents track their water use leading to less water consumption, and the city designates funding to explore ways to protect groundwater supplies.
Exploring the psychosocial and behavioural determinants of household water conservation and intention
Published in International Journal of Water Resources Development, 2020
Sally V. Russell, Christof Knoeri
Contextual factors such as the type of building and the tenure of residents have also been shown to be important in water conservation behaviour (Russell & Fielding, 2010). Past studies have shown that residents of detached houses report greater intention to conserve water (Clark & Finley, 2007; Gilg & Barr, 2006) and homeowners use less water than renters (Randolph & Troy, 2008). The provision of water meters increases water conservation behaviour (Olmstead & Stavins, 2009). In line this research, we hypothesize that more water will be used by larger rather than smaller households; younger rather than older households; those living in detached homes; and those without water meters installed.