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Hydrogen Economy, Geothermal and Ocean Power, and Climate Change
Published in Roy L. Nersesian, Energy Economics, 2016
Water density is 1,000 kilograms per cubic meter. Suppose that the radius of the blade is two meters and velocity of water is two meters per second and turbine efficiency is 90 percent. What is the power output in terms of kilogram * meters squared/seconds cubed? A joule is defined as 1 kilogram *meter/seconds squared and a watt is defined as a joule/second. What is the power output in kilowatts?
Resistance
Published in Adrian Waygood, An Introduction to Electrical Science, 2013
In SI, the above definition corresponds to ‘the resistance between the opposite faces of a one-metre cube of material’. It’s important to understand that a ‘metre cube’, as shown in Figure 6.3, is not the same thing as a ‘cubic metre’. A ‘metre cube’ literally means a cube having sides each measuring a metre, whereas a ‘cubic metre’ has the same volume, but can be of any shape.
Marble waste and recycled concrete aggregates in self compacting concrete (SSC): an evaluation of fresh and hardened properties
Published in Australian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2022
Olatokunbo M. Ofuyatan, David Omole, Kayode-Thomas Enoch, Oluwafuminiyi Ogundeji
In the preparation of all SCC samples, cement contents were kept constant at 450 kg/m3. The water binder ratio of 0.4 was constant for all the samples prepared. The superplasticizer admixture added to the mix was 2% for all the samples prepared, while the grain size distribution was kept constant. The grain size distribution curve obtained was 60% coarse aggregate and 40% fine aggregate. The sieve analysis for the aggregates used is given in Table 2. In the mixed proportions, the aggregate was partially replaced by marble waste and recycled aggregate, respectively. Table 3 indicates the volume of mixture per cubic metre by weight. SCC mix design was performed according to the absolute weighing method. The unit composition of the series also given in Table 2. The aggregate content of SCC samples decreased with the water content. Alternatively, with the same water to binder ratio, aggregate content may be modified by using a different form of aggregate. The variations in the amount of sand and aggregates for each sample are due to the aggregates’ specific gravity.
Technological enablers and confidence building in end-users for effective non-domestic water demand management
Published in International Journal of Water Resources Development, 2020
Capital projects to enhance water supply could be potentially deferred through water conservation and recycling. Effectively, a cubic metre of NEWater saved through recycling potentially defers the installation of a cubic metre of NEWater capacity. This also means that there would be another cubic metre of NEWater capacity for indirect potable use, which in turn potentially defers additional desalination capacity. Therefore, the benefit of conserving a cubic metre of NEWater is equivalent to the benefit of deferring a cubic metre of fixed cost of either NEWater or desalination capacity.
Barriers in the progress of domestic biogas plants in rural Pakistan
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2022
Hasan Erteza Gelani, Faizan Dastgeer, Zeba Idrees, Kashif Amjad, Nouman Javed
Energy crisis has struck many countries of the world. Pakistan’s scenario is among the darkest ones (Kanwal, Khan, and Rauf 2020; Arshad and Ali 2017; Idrees 2020; Kamran, Fazal, and Mudassar 2020; Gelani, Dastgeer, Umar, et al. 2018; Mughees et al. 2020). The population growth and utilisation of fossil fuels with no proper planning have brought a severe energy crisis. The energy mix of Pakistan, depicted in Figure 1, reveals the dependence of Pakistan on oil and gas. The authorities have failed to cut down the brake-free usage of fossil fuels, bringing the resources to deplete and, in turn, the country to a crisis. To fufil the need of energy, Pakistan has to import billions of dollars of fossil fuels annually (NEPRA). The forests are cut down for wood fuel to meet energy demands. The annual volume of wood fuel makes millions of cubic metre. For a developing country, the energy mix should be at a balance between renewable and conventional resources. The energy mix of Pakistan has a high proportion of natural gas and oil (Anwar 2016). Both are assumed to be depleted in the next 10 years (Irfan et al. 2019). Millions of tons of fossil fuel import prognosticate energy crisis and showcase economic disaster in the form of import bill paid as electricity charges by end-consumers. The energy sector is poorly managed making the infrastructure inefficient and ineffective. Pakistan invests 60% of its foreign exchange on oil imports. Moreover, the oil and gas-based energy extraction is efficient but brings hazardous effects on the environment and therefore the health of natives. Every year, thousands of patients are reported to have respiratory diseases in Pakistan due to polluted air by burning fossil fuels. The carbon-constrained environment has caused considerable temperature rise at an alarming rate (Haider et al. 2017).