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The Power of Shape
Published in Patrick Hossay, Automotive Innovation, 2019
Fundamental to this effort is an understanding of the relationship between air speed and pressure. In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli’s Principle says that when a fluid increases in speed, it decreases in pressure. So, if air is forced through a narrow channel, called a venturi, it will speed up as the channel narrows. With a smaller cross-sectional area, molecules need to speed up to make it through the restriction; much like you might be pushed quickly through a narrow doorway as a slow-moving crowd exits a stadium. The upper surface of a car functions in a similar way. By forcing the air to travel the longer distance over the top of the car, the speed increases. And, according to this principle, as the speed increases the pressure decreases (Image 8.3). Since the bottom of the car is flat, this effect causes a net negative pressure on the top of the car resulting in a lifting force on the car.
Flow of Fluids in Food Processing
Published in Susanta Kumar Das, Madhusweta Das, Fundamentals and Operations in Food Process Engineering, 2019
Susanta Kumar Das, Madhusweta Das
Flow of fluids in food processing includes single- or two-phase systems. Liquid foods such as milk, fruit juice, honey, vegetable pulp, and oil are taken as single-phase liquids. Other single-phase fluids are air, water and steam. These are utility components in many food manufacturing systems. Several two-phase systems, such as solid–liquid and solid–gas, exist in various food processing techniques. In fluid flow or fluid dynamics, viscosity is an important property as it relates to resistance to flow or fluid friction.
Ocean Hydrodynamics
Published in Victor Raizer, Optical Remote Sensing of Ocean Hydrodynamics, 2019
Fluid dynamics is one of two branches of fluid mechanics; it studies the effect of forces on fluid motion (the other branch is fluid statics, which deals with fluids at rest). In the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, fluid dynamics is defined as “the branch of applied science that is concerned with the movement of liquids and gases.” The most common liquid is water, and most hydrodynamic theories and applications deal with flow of water fluid. The movement of liquids is generally referred to as “flow,” which describes the behaviour of fluid and its interactions with surrounding environment, e.g., moving surface water or moving ground water. The following are some of the important characteristics of fluid (water) flow.
Dynamics of heat passage in hybrid and tri-hybrid Oldroyd-B blood flows through a wedge-shaped artery: A medical application
Published in Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2023
Fluid dynamics has several applications, including biomedical sciences, chemical industries, rocket engines, wind turbines, oil pipelines, water resources, etc. To recognize the rheological behavior of fluids, researchers and scientists are investigating non-Newtonian liquids. Several manufacturing, as well as natural fluids such as paints, cosmetic products, oils, specific fuels, and blood, behave like non-Newtonian fluids. It is well known that the specific fluid illustration does not describe all the characters of non-Newtonion nature. Literature shows that non-Newtonian characters can be defined by applying some fundamental expression. Numerous non-Newtonian models, like Sutterby, Casson, Maxwell, Oldroyed-B, etc., have been developed by the researcher to elucidate the non-Newtonian behavior of the fluids. It is known that with some conditions, blood behaves like a non-Newtonion fluid. In this study, we basically focused on the Oldroyed-B model of blood flow.
Thermal transport equations in porous media from product-like fractal measure
Published in Journal of Thermal Stresses, 2021
Fluid dynamics deals with equations that stand for a balance process for mass, momentum, energy and chemical species. The fluid is in general dominated by a set of two differential equations which are the continuity equation, the momentum equation and the energy equation. In order at present to derive first the continuity equation, we let being the fluid density and be the elementary linear mass circulating within the elementary volume with vector velocity To derive the fractal continuity equation, let be a fixed closed surface which enfolds a fixed volume The flux in this case is given by where is the outward normal at each point on the surface of the fluid. Since we have: and from Eq. (3): then we obtain for the case of an arbitrary volume the following fractal continuity equation:
Criterion of vehicle instability in floodwaters: past, present and future
Published in International Journal of River Basin Management, 2021
Syed Muzzamil Hussain Shah, Zahiraniza Mustaffa, Eduardo Martinez-Gomariz, Do Kyun Kim, Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof
The drag force can be defined as resistance to moving through a fluid (Poirot 2012). In fluid dynamics, drag acts opposite to the relative motion of any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid. The drag force relies on the area of changing momentum, fluid velocity and its density. The drag force, can be expressed aswhere is the density of water, is the drag coefficient, is the submerged area projected normal to the flow, and is the flow velocity (Teo et al.2012a).