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Energy Markets’ Future
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Global Energy Market Trends, 2021
Subsequently, in a “water-gas shift reaction,” the carbon monoxide and steam are reacted using a catalyst to produce carbon dioxide and more hydrogen. CO+H2O→CO2+H2(+heat)
2 Utilization
Published in S. Komar Kawatra, Advanced Coal Preparation and Beyond, 2020
The forward water gas shift reaction, which converts carbon monoxide and water into hydrogen, is used as a source of hydrogen in pre-combustion CO2 capture to be used as a carbon-free fuel. However, note that pre-combustion capture starts with a fuel – starting from CO2 would lead to a net energy deficit by the conservation of energy. Thus, converting CO2 to carbon monoxide for the sake of making hydrogen to use as fuel is counterproductive. Rather, in pre-combustion capture the hydrogen is a useful byproduct of the carbon separation from the original fuel (Jansen et al., 2015).
Chemicals from Paraffin Hydrocarbons
Published in James G. Speight, Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 2019
In the partial oxidation reaction (Arutyunov, 2007), methane and other hydrocarbon derivatives in natural gas react with a limited amount of oxygen (typically from air) that is not enough to completely oxidize the hydrocarbon derivatives to carbon dioxide and water. With less than the stoichiometric amount of oxygen available, the reaction products contain primarily hydrogen and carbon monoxide (and nitrogen, if the reaction is carried out with air rather than pure oxygen), and a relatively small amount of carbon dioxide and other compounds. Subsequently, in a water-gas shift reaction, the carbon monoxide reacts with water to form carbon dioxide and more hydrogen. 2CH4+O2→2CO+2H2(partialoxidationofmethane)CO+H2O→CO2+H2(water-gasshift)
Hydrogen production by the steam reforming of waste lubricating oil
Published in Indian Chemical Engineer, 2019
Adewale George Adeniyi, Joshua O. Ighalo
In developing the model, the first stage is to identify key components of the feedstock. Lubricating oil is made up of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons of a wide range of molecular weight (C15–C50), other organic and inorganic compounds, additives and trace of heavy metals [5–8,17]. For this simulation, several representative compounds were chosen to represent the diversity of chemical compounds present in the feedstock. The results of Wang and Zhang [8] revealed that the oil is composed mostly of monomethyl and normal paraffin of C20–C30 carbon chain length. These will be considered in the simulation as the representative compounds for the base oil and will be inputted as an equal-weight mixture of all 11 compounds. The general reaction stoichiometry for steam reforming of any oxygenated organic compound is presented below [26].Due to excess steam in the process, the carbon monoxide is oxidised to carbon dioxide also leading to the evolution of more hydrogen gas. This is known as the water–gas shift reaction