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Penicillin, Cephalosporin, and Streptomycin Production
Published in Debabrata Das, Soumya Pandit, Industrial Biotechnology, 2021
Tetracyclines are a group of antibiotics that include tetracycline. These are produced through Streptomyces spp. fermentation or by the industrial refining of natural resources. These are components of an octahydro-naphthacene, a group of hydrocarbons containing four annulled six-member rings (Figure 12.6). Tetracycline activity can be classified based on period: examples of short-acting are tetracycline, oxytetracycline; intermediate-acting are demeclocycline, lymecycline, and long-acting are doxycycline, minocycline. Tetracycline is used to treat a wide variety of infections, including acne. It is an antibiotic that works by stopping the growth of bacteria. It is applied in the treatment of infections like septicaemia, endocarditis, and meningitis (Goodman, 1985).
New Trends in Biosensors for Food and Water Safety Monitoring
Published in Sibel A. Ozkan, Bengi Uslu, Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk, Biosensors, 2023
Maroua Hamami, Sondes Ben Aissa, Noureddine Raouafi
Alawad et al. proposed a simple aptasensor based on intrinsic aptamer redox activity for the detection of tetracycline in water (37). Tetracyclines are a family of antibiotics frequently employed due to their broad spectrum of activity as well as their low cost. Figure 8.2 shows the fabrication process of the aptasensor and measurement procedure. The immobilized aptamer on SPCE revealed an unexpected electroactivity, therefore the binding of TET on the aptasensor induced a decrease of oxidation peak, allowing its detection in the dynamic range from 0.05 μg/L to 20 μg/L, with a detection limit of 0.035 μg/L.
Nanogenerator Based Self-Powered Sensors for Healthcare Applications
Published in Suresh Kaushik, Vijay Soni, Efstathia Skotti, Nanosensors for Futuristic Smart and Intelligent Healthcare Systems, 2022
Gaurav Khandelwa, Pandey Rajagopalan, Nirmal Prashanth Maria Joseph Raj, Xiaozhi Wang, Sang-Jae Kim
Khandelwal et al., for the first time, demonstrated the use of metal-organic framework (MOF) for TENG and self-powered sensors (Khandelwal et al. 2019a). The MOF offers numerous advantages like high surface area, high porosity and can be modified chemically without affecting the topology. The MOF-TENG was fabricated in traditional vertical c-s mode with zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) as a positive triboelectric layer and Kapton as a negative layer. The ZIF-8 was grown on conducting ITO coated PET substrate at room temperature. Furthermore, the effect of different growth cycles on the output of TENG was also studied. The 20-cycle grown ZIF-8 produced the highest output of 164 V and 7 μA among all the cycles. The highest output of 20-cycle ZIF-8 was attributed to high surface roughness and sharp structures. The FE-SEM, 3D nanoprofiling and KPFM data support the high output of 20-cyc grown ZIF-8. Tetracycline antibiotic is effective against a broad range of bacteria (Li et al. 2018). The tetracycline works by inhibiting the protein synthesis in bacteria (Li et al. 2018). However, tetracycline causes several side effects and disorders. The release of tetracycline in water damages the aquatic environment. The MOF-TENG was successfully utilized to create a reusable tetracycline sensor (Figure 4b1). The tetracycline interacts with the ZIF-8 via 7E-7E interactions. The voltage output of the device decreases with an increase in tetracycline concentrations (Figure 4b2). The device showed an excellent response of > 90% at the highest concentration, as shown in Figure 4b3. The MOF-TENG tetracycline sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 3.12 V μM−1. The sensor is highly selective with no interference of methanol, ethanol, acetone and phenol. Moreover, the sensor can be reused by simple washing with methanol (Khandelwal et al. 2019a).
Tetracyclines lead to ammonium accumulation during nitrification process
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2020
Rayane Kunert Langbehn, Camila Michels, Hugo Moreira Soares
Tetracyclines are one of the most used antibiotics in the world.[6] This group shows broad-spectrum activity and acts by inhibiting protein synthesis on the ribosomal subunit 30S.[7] Tetracycline antibiotics, such as tetracycline (TC) and oxytetracycline (OTC), are overly used in food-producing animals with therapeutic and growth promotion purposes.[7] For example, the swine industry has an average consumption of antibiotics per kilogram of animal of 172 mg Kg−1, mainly tetracycline antibiotics, which are the most common group used in pigs.[8] Hence their occurrence already being reported in WWTP, surface water, soils, and sediments.[9] Despite TC commonly being found at the range of ng L−1 and µg L−1 in environmental samples, the WWTP of pharmaceutical industries had registered 60 mg L−1 of TC and 334 of OTC mg L−1 at their influent, revealing that those drugs can reach concentrations that are not generally expected in environmental samples.[10]
Rapid identification of Streptomyces tetracycline producers by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2018
Lukas Hleba, Ivana Charousova, Miroslava Cisarova, Anton Kovacik, Jan Kormanec, Juraj Medo, Matej Bozik, Sona Javorekova
Tetracyclines are very important antibiotics that are used widely in clinical treatment and livestock industry.[38] Therefore, in this study MALDI-TOF MS in linear positive mode was used for rapid tetracycline detection from agar cuts with Streptomyces directly by an easy-to-use, cheap, and quick extraction method based on one solvent. There are studies where ethyl acetate as extraction solvent for tetracycline antibiotics was used. Nebot et al.[15] monitored residues of tetracyclines presence in baby food samples by HPLC–MS/MS. Similarly, Gavilán et al.[16] used ethyl acetate as extraction solvent for tetracycline in feed, which was detected by HPLC–MS/MS. Du et al.[17] used ethyl acetate for tetracycline extraction from water samples. All these authors used ethyl acetate for tetracycline extraction in different samples. Our study showed that ethyl acetate was the best organic solvent for tetracycline extraction in solid agar and the best carrier of tetracycline for MALDI-TOF MS application for tetracycline detection. Previously mentioned authors detected tetracycline presence by HPLC–MS/MS. However, this method is time consuming, requires large amounts of organic solvents, and typically requires numerous steps for competition.[18] Also, complexes of different compounds cannot be injected into HPLC column directly because they can lead to column blockage and loss of valuable compounds from the crude extract.[39] On the other hand, a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer requires relatively high initial costs,[33] but low sampling costs, ease of use, speed,[40] and high sensitivity make it a powerful instrument. Analysis of some antibiotics, such as meropenem, or antibiotics with molecular weight near to molecular weight of dimer of α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (HCCA) (380 m/z) can cause a problem in visibility of antibiotic spectrum.[32] Tetracycline mass spectrum was detected at 445 m/z; therefore, HCCA matrix can be used for tetracycline detection without any problems. For example, Sparbier et al.[41] used the same matrix (HCCA) for detection of positive signal for various antibiotics.