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Use of Nanoparticles in Bioremediation of Pharmaceutical Compounds
Published in Ram Naresh Bharagava, Sandhya Mishra, Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale, Rijuta Ganesh Saratale, Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira, Bioremediation, 2022
Anushree Suresh, Jayanthi Abraham
The carbon nanotubes need to be functionalized or modified by certain functional groups or organic moieties such as carboxylic or carbonyl groups for the removal of ionic/polar toxicants. Carbon nanotubes with their unique structural properties are suitable for the adsorptive removal of toxic pharmaceutical compounds. Zhao et al. (2013) used MWCNTs for the removal of tetracycline from aqueous solutions. Tetracycline is an antibiotic used to kill or inhibit the disease-producing bacteria. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained in 80 minutes at pH 5 and 25°C was 269.54 mg/g for tetracycline (Zhao et al. 2013). In another study done by Yu et al. (2014) on the adsorption of drug ciprofloxacin on MWCNTs having different oxygen contents, the maximum adsorption occurred at pH 4 and contact time 240 minutes. Although oxygen content has less effect on adsorption capacity, the main role was played by π–π electron donor–acceptor interaction (Yu et al. 2014b). Different carbon nanotubes used for the remediation of various antibiotics are tabulated in Table 14.3.
Penicillin, Cephalosporin, and Streptomycin Production
Published in Debabrata Das, Soumya Pandit, Industrial Biotechnology, 2021
Tetracyclines are a group of antibiotics that include tetracycline. These are produced through Streptomyces spp. fermentation or by the industrial refining of natural resources. These are components of an octahydro-naphthacene, a group of hydrocarbons containing four annulled six-member rings (Figure 12.6). Tetracycline activity can be classified based on period: examples of short-acting are tetracycline, oxytetracycline; intermediate-acting are demeclocycline, lymecycline, and long-acting are doxycycline, minocycline. Tetracycline is used to treat a wide variety of infections, including acne. It is an antibiotic that works by stopping the growth of bacteria. It is applied in the treatment of infections like septicaemia, endocarditis, and meningitis (Goodman, 1985).
Nanogenerator Based Self-Powered Sensors for Healthcare Applications
Published in Suresh Kaushik, Vijay Soni, Efstathia Skotti, Nanosensors for Futuristic Smart and Intelligent Healthcare Systems, 2022
Gaurav Khandelwa, Pandey Rajagopalan, Nirmal Prashanth Maria Joseph Raj, Xiaozhi Wang, Sang-Jae Kim
Khandelwal et al., for the first time, demonstrated the use of metal-organic framework (MOF) for TENG and self-powered sensors (Khandelwal et al. 2019a). The MOF offers numerous advantages like high surface area, high porosity and can be modified chemically without affecting the topology. The MOF-TENG was fabricated in traditional vertical c-s mode with zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) as a positive triboelectric layer and Kapton as a negative layer. The ZIF-8 was grown on conducting ITO coated PET substrate at room temperature. Furthermore, the effect of different growth cycles on the output of TENG was also studied. The 20-cycle grown ZIF-8 produced the highest output of 164 V and 7 μA among all the cycles. The highest output of 20-cycle ZIF-8 was attributed to high surface roughness and sharp structures. The FE-SEM, 3D nanoprofiling and KPFM data support the high output of 20-cyc grown ZIF-8. Tetracycline antibiotic is effective against a broad range of bacteria (Li et al. 2018). The tetracycline works by inhibiting the protein synthesis in bacteria (Li et al. 2018). However, tetracycline causes several side effects and disorders. The release of tetracycline in water damages the aquatic environment. The MOF-TENG was successfully utilized to create a reusable tetracycline sensor (Figure 4b1). The tetracycline interacts with the ZIF-8 via 7E-7E interactions. The voltage output of the device decreases with an increase in tetracycline concentrations (Figure 4b2). The device showed an excellent response of > 90% at the highest concentration, as shown in Figure 4b3. The MOF-TENG tetracycline sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 3.12 V μM−1. The sensor is highly selective with no interference of methanol, ethanol, acetone and phenol. Moreover, the sensor can be reused by simple washing with methanol (Khandelwal et al. 2019a).
Low-cost multichannel system with disposable pH sensors for monitoring bacteria metabolism and the response to antibiotics
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2021
Cristina Ocaña, Sergi Brosel-Oliu, Natalia Abramova, Andrey Bratov
In the case of tetracycline, its antimicrobial mechanism of action is not well established. Some studies indicate that tetracycline presumably penetrates into bacterial cells by destroying the membrane or by diffusion.[40] The effect of tetracycline on E. coli (4.9·106 CFU/mL), presented in Figure 4b, starts at concentrations between 1 and 2.5 µg/mL, while its official minimum inhibitory concentration value is 2 µg/mL.