Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Fuel and Biofuels
Published in Pau Loke Show, Kit Wayne Chew, Tau Chuan Ling, The Prospect of Industry 5.0 in Biomanufacturing, 2021
Mei Yin Ong, Saifuddin Nomanbhay, Kuan Shiong Khoo, Pau Loke Show
Gasification is one of the thermochemical methods to process biomass, where syngas is produced in the presence of a gasifying agent under sub-stoichiometric conditions. Syngas, also known as synthesis gas, has wider applications, such as used as fuel in internal combustion engines, gas turbines or fuel cells for heat and electricity generation, or as feedstock for chemical synthesis and biofuel production. Generally, syngas is a gas mixture that is mainly made up of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). The quality and yield of the syngas are highly affected by the types and characteristics of feedstock (e.g., cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin compositions, moisture content, particle size), operating condition (e.g., type of gasifying agent, operating temperature and pressure, heating rate) and gasification technology (e.g., fixed bed, fluidized bed, entrained flow) (Farzad, Mandegari, and Görgens 2016; Molino et al. 2018; Sansaniwal et al. 2017).
Hybrid Energy Systems for Nuclear Industry
Published in Yatish T. Shah, Hybrid Energy Systems, 2021
Recognition of the central role for chemical intermediates can expand the role of hybrid energy systems in the chemical industry [4,7,8]. Nuclear plants can be designed to generate heat to produce chemical products such as syngas, high purity hydrogen, and other key chemicals that can then be transported to industrial processes. Syngas is produced by reforming natural gas with steam [70], or by gasifying coal or biomass and separating gas diluents and impurities to produce a clean mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide [72]. Both processes require thermal energy that is produced by burning up to 65% of the carbonaceous feedstock, resulting in carbon dioxide emissions. Nuclear reactors can supply both the process heat and steam necessary to carry out these reactions. High-temperature, gas-cooled nuclear reactors can provide superheated helium that could replace the burners in the steam reforming process [83]. The steam produced by a light water reactor can also significantly reduce combustion requirements with changes to the reforming process [30,43].
Biomass as a Source for Heat, Power and Chemicals
Published in Subhas K. Sikdar, Frank Princiotta, Advances in Carbon Management Technologies, 2021
Syngas is an abbreviation for synthesis gas, which is a mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Syngas is produced by gasification of a carbon containing fuel to a gaseous product that has low heating value.
Optimal behavioral performance and power generation potential from palm oil mill industry: Case study using downdraft gasification with power generation
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2023
Nursyuhada’ Kamaruzaman, Norhuda Abdul Manaf
Gasification is one of the most promising energy conversion technologies for converting carbonaceous materials, such as biomass, into syngas (Shehzad, Bashir, and Sethupathi 2016; Basu, n.d..; Yan, Afxentiou, and Fokaides 2021). Syngas can be used in a broad range of applications, including internal combustion engines, oil heaters, steam boilers, and gas turbines for both power generation and heat production (Molino, Chianese, and Musmarra 2016). The syngas is primarily composed of CO, H2, CH4, CO2, and a trace of other hydrocarbon substances, with CO and H2 being the primary combustible gas yields (Ruan et al. 2019, Molino, Chianese, and Musmarra 2016). Gasification performance is affected by numerous variables, such as the chemical and physical properties of biomass (Reis et al. 2019), gasifier design (E4Tech 2009), and operational conditions, such as gasifier temperature (Shahbaz et al. 2017) and equivalence ratio (Jangsawang, Laohalidanond, and Kerdsuwan 2015).
Waste into energy conversion technologies and conversion of food wastes into the potential products: a review
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2021
Jeya Jeevahan, A. Anderson, V. Sriram, R. B. Durairaj, G. Britto Joseph, G. Mageshwaran
Synthetic gas, shortly syngas, is a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and isextracted from natural gas or coal. It can be used for producing chemicals such as ammonia and methanol. Syngas can be directly used for power generation in boilers, IC engines, gas turnines and fuel cells, and for producing other by-products, such as methanol, ethanol, hydrogen and Fischer-Tropsch products (Figure 3). Fischer–Tropsch synthesis can convert syngas into synthetic petroleum, which finds applications as a fuel or lubricants. Recently, syngas production from biomass and waste is getting much interest. Syngas can also be produced either through direct gasification orcan be produced in two stages: first converting biomass and waste to bio-oil through pyrolysis process and then gasifying it to form syngas (Demirbas, “Biomethanol Production,” 2008; Ko et al. 2001; Briens, Piskorz, and Berruti 2008). The general reactions taken place in gasification are:
Steam gasification of rice husk: effects of feedstock heterogeneity and heat-mass transfer
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2019
Hong Nam Nguyen, Laurent Van De Steene
Biomass gasification is a thermochemical conversion process that converts biomass into syngas, a mixture of mostly carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2), and a small amount of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrogen (N2) (Ciferno and Marano John 2002). Syngas can be used to produce heat, electricity or transport fuel. Currently, wood is the most common feedstock for biomass gasification (Van de Steene et al. 2011). With the environmental concerns of using woody biomass, diversifying the feedstock is among the first priorities for this technology. In several Asian countries such as China, India, Myanmar, Cambodia, and Thailand, rice husk has been increasingly used as feedstock for gasification (Akgün and Luukkanen 2012; Nguyen, Van De Steene, and Le 2018a; Shackley et al. 2012). Fixed-bed technology is widely used for rice husk gasification thanks to its simplicity in design and its reasonable price. Nevertheless, the current technology is offering moderate syngas quality. For high-end usages of syngas, such as power generation or transportation fuels, it is important to optimize the heating value of syngas. In this picture, steam is more suitable to be the gasifying agent compared to air/oxygen or carbon dioxide. Among others, steam gasification provides the highest stoichiometric yield of hydrogen (Parthasarathy and Sheeba Narayanan 2014; Vargas-Mira, Zuluaga-García, and González-Delgado. 2019; Zhai et al. 2016), resulting in the high heating value of syngas.