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Thermochemistry, Electrochemistry, and Solution Chemistry
Published in W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 2016
W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno
Name 1-Bromo-4-chlorobenzene 1-Bromo-2-chloroethane Bromochloromethane 1-Bromo-3-chloropropane 2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-tri uoroethane 2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-tri uoroethane 2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-tri uoroethane Bromodichloromethane Bromoethane Bromoethane 1-Bromoheptane 1-Bromohexane 1-Bromo-4-iodobenzene Bromomethane 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane 1-Bromo-2-methylpropane 1-Bromooctane 1-Bromopentane 4-Bromophenol 1-Bromopropane 1-Bromopropane 2-Bromopropane 3-Bromopropene 4-Bromotoluene Bromotri uoromethane 5-Bromouracil Brucine 1,3-Butadiene Butanal Butanamide Butane 2,3-Butanedione 2,3-Butanedione Butanenitrile 1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol 1-Butanethiol 1-Butanol 1-Butanol 1-Butanol 1-Butanol 2-Butanol 2-Butanol 2-Butanol 2-Butanone 2-Butanone 2-Butanone 2-Butanone 2-Butanone trans-2-Butenal 1-Butene trans-2-Butenoic acid cis-2-Buten-1-ol 3-Buten-2-one 3-Buten-2-one 3-Buten-2-one Butyl acetate sec-Butyl acetate Butyl 4-aminobenzoate Butylbenzene sec-Butylbenzene, ()-
Volatile organic compound concentrations and their health risks in various workplace microenvironments
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2020
Simge Çankaya, Hakan Pekey, Beyhan Pekey, Burcu Özerkan Aydın
Determination of the I/O ratios of VOC concentrations in each microenvironment is important so that the dominant environment can be determined. Therefore, the mean I/O ratios during each season were calculated (Table 6). The mean concentrations of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, toluene, styrene, sec-butylbenzene, and hexachlorobutadiene were higher indoors than outdoors in all microenvironments during both seasons. Generally, indoor concentrations of 24 VOCs were higher during winter than summer. The I/O ratios of VOCs detected in this study can be divided into three categories: primarily outdoor sources (I/O < 1.5), both indoor and outdoor sources (1.5 ≤I/O ≤ 10), and primarily indoor sources (I/O > 10) (USEPA 1999). The I/O ratios of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene ranged from 0.52 to 1.14, indicating that the source was primarily outdoors (Xu et al.2016). Additionally, bromochloromethane, CTC, dibromomethane, bromodichloromethane, and chlorobenzene detected at auto paint shops were primarily from outdoor sources because the I/O ratios were low (<1.5). Chlorobenzene and xylenes detected in restaurants also had primarily outdoor sources as did benzene detected at dry cleaners and photocopy centers. The I/O ratios of some VOCs were greater than 10 in some microenvironments. Examples at dry cleaners are isopropyl toluene, isopropyl benzene, sec-butylbenzene, and hexachlorobutadiene during both winter and summer and toluene in winter. This implies that these compounds had primarily indoor sources. Other VOCs had both indoor and outdoor sources.