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Ionic Liquid as Green Solvents
Published in Satish A. Dake, Ravindra S. Shinde, Suresh C. Ameta, A. K. Haghi, Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, 2020
Avinash Kumar Rai, Seema Kothari, Rakshit Ameta, Suresh C. Ameta
The olive oil industry annually generates approximately. 75–1.5 million tons of Olea europaea leaves on global level and it is used as waste typically burned for production of energy. This agricultural by-product is a rich source of oleanolic acid, which is a high value triterpenic acid with excellent pharmaceutical and nutraceutical activities. Claudio et al. [71] observed the extraction of oleanolic acid from dried O. europaea leaves with aqueous solutions of surface-active ILs as green solvents. A number of imidazolium-based ILs were synthesized with variable chain length, different anions, and optional side-chain functionalization and used in the extraction. It was reported that ILs with long alkyl chains remarkably enhanced the solubility of oleanolic acid in water and therefore, able to compete with the solubilities of other organic solvents. They were considered suitable alternatives for the solid-liquid extraction of triterpenic acids from natural matrices. They were able to improve extraction yields up to 2.5 wt.% oleanolic acid from olive tree leaves.
Terpenoids in Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disease
Published in Dijendra Nath Roy, Terpenoids Against Human Diseases, 2019
Oleanolic acid is a triterpenoid that has been widely utilized in most parts of Asia for treating various ailments (Wang et al., 2010). Oleanolic acid improves Aβ-induced memory deficits in mice (Cho et al., 2009). Experiments have been performed to investigate the effects of oleanolic acid in a parkinsonian rat model. Oleanolic acid has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and anti-oxidant properties (Liu, 1995; Hsu et al., 2006; Tong et al., 2011). It has been shown that oleanolic acid inhibits ROS formation the brain of a rat model of AD (Cho et al., 2009). Rats treated with oleanolic acid 7 days pre- and 1 day post-lesion had more dopamine in the striatum (ST) than the non-treated or the 7-days-after-lesion rats where the lesion was induced by 6-OHDA in 60 postnatal days. Similarly, 6-OHDA–induced membrane depolarisation was decreased in rats that received oleanolic acid treatment pre- or immediately post-lesion. This suggests that early treatment with oleanolic acid protects dopamine neurons from the toxic effects of 6-OHDA.
Compounds of Plant Origin as AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activators
Published in Alexander V. Kutchin, Lyudmila N. Shishkina, Larissa I. Weisfeld, Gennady E. Zaikov, Ilya N. Kurochkin, Alexander N. Goloshchapov, Chemistry and Technology of Plant Substances, 2017
Daria S. Novikova, Gleb S. Ivanov, Alexander V. Garabadzhiu, Viacheslav G. Tribulovich
Oleanolic acid (Fig. 9.23) is a natural triterpenoid, which can be found in olive oil. In particular, it is used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diabetes and ischemic heart disease. It is assumed that cardioprotective effects of oleanolic acid are mediated by the activation of the AMPK-dependent signaling cascade. It was shown that this compound stimulates the phosphorylation of AMPK and protects cardiomyocytes from contractile dysfunction [104]. Recently, the combination of oleanolic acid and metformin was proposed for the synergistic treatment of diabetes [105].
Oleanolic acid suppresses pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in vivo
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Canan Akünal Türel, Oruç Yunusoğlu
In this respect, natural product-based substances and medicines, including herbal compounds and active ingredients isolated from plant formulations, have demonstrated competent potential for the prevention and treatment of epileptic seizures without causing important side-effects, thus paving the way for future developments (Ilhan and Gurel et al. 2005; Sahranavard and Ghafari et al. 2014; Allahverdiyev et al. 2018). Natural products are a possible alternative for the control of epileptogenesis due to their multi-faceted nature. Oleanolic acid, known as a natural product, is a pharmacologically active compound that has been isolated from more than 1620 plant species, including numerous medicinal plants and food sources (Pollier et al. 2012; Lin et al. 2016). In the Far East, oleanolic acid has been used as an over-the-counter (OTC) hepatoprotective pharmacological agent for decades (Lin et al. 2016). Oleanolic acid and its derivatives demonstrate a broad variety of pharmacological activities, supporting pharmaceutical use for numerous disorders (Lin et al. 2016). It has the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (Lin et al. 2016). The pharmacological activities of oleanolic acid have attracted much attention in scientific research. Studies in literature have shown that the pharmacological effects of oleanolic acid include anti-oxidant, anti-diabetes, anti-osteoporosis, anti-obesity, anti-hypertensives, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-cancer, hemolytic effects, and anti-inflammatory activities (Lin et al. 2016; Sen 2020; Feng et al. 2020). Previous studies have also demonstrated that oleanolic acid induces numerous impacts on the central nervous system, such as anti-neurodegenerative, anti-nociceptive, neuroprotective, sedative, anxiolytic effects, and anti-depressant effects (Lin et al. 2016; Ayeleso et al. 2017; Sen 2020; Feng et al. 2020). Based on the literature, oleanolic acid appears to have a broad pharmacological profile. These mechanisms play an important role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy (Puligheddu et al. 2013; Abdelhalim et al. 2014; Symonds et al. 2017; Bai et al. 2018; Nam 2018; Carvill 2019). Oleanolic acid may have a positive effect on epileptic seizures through these important mechanisms.