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Vaccines, Hepatitis B and Insulin Production
Published in Debabrata Das, Soumya Pandit, Industrial Biotechnology, 2021
Market trends of Hepatitis B vaccine: The global demand for hepatitis therapeutics is estimated to hit USD 25.8 billion by 2025. A few factors projected to drive demand over the forecast period include the-number of people infected with hepatitis, increased alcohol and drug use and enhanced accessibility to hepatitis drugs. About 400 million individuals worldwide are afflicted with at least one type of hepatitis, based on WHO figures, and about 1.4 billion die annually because of the disease (Wittmann and Liao, 2016). Few state and private organizations are currently participating in the vaccine campaign to avoid hepatitis. HCV leads to more severe complications as compared to hepatitis A and B. According to WHO reports, 150 million people are infected by hepatitis C infection per year worldwide. In addition, most patients infected with HCV develop liver cancer or cirrhosis of the liver, and about 700,000 people die from hepatitis C infection and related disorders. Key players include Gilead, Johnson & Johnson, Merck & Co. Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, and AbbVie Inc.
Illuminating the cycle of life
Published in Raquel Seruca, Jasjit S. Suri, João M. Sanches, Fluorescence Imaging and Biological Quantification, 2017
Anabela Ferro, Patrícia Carneiro, Maria Sofia Fernandes, Tânia Mestre, Ivan Sahumbaiev, João M. Sanches, Raquel Seruca
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small enveloped virus that is one of the major causes of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV infection has been reported to both promote and inhibit the host cell-cycle progression, highlighting the importance of cell-cycle analysis. Several studies have demonstrated that HCV proteins can modulate cell-cycle regulatory genes affecting the G1/S checkpoint [109]. Sarfraz et al. reported that chronic HCV infection leads to an arrest in cell cycle associated to a reduced expression of S-phase cyclin and an increased expression of the G1 inhibitor p21 [110,111].
Novel RNA Interference (RNAi)-Based Nanomedicines for Treating Viral Infections
Published in Dan Peer, Handbook of Harnessing Biomaterials in Nanomedicine, 2021
Nyree Maes, Skye Zeller, Priti Kumar
HCV is a member of the genus hepacivirus in the family Flaviviridae and causes serious liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in chronically infected individuals. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 3% of the world’s population is infected with HVC, with 170 million being chronically infected [119]. The current treatments for HCV with pegylated IFN-α in combination with ribavirin is only effective in about 50% of the treated individuals and is associated with serious side effects [37, 94]. Therefore, RNAi therapy is being actively investigated as a plausible treatment method for chronic HCV.
Pharmacoinformatics-based strategy in designing and profiling of some Pyrazole analogues as novel hepatitis C virus inhibitors with pharmacokinetic analysis
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Stephen Ejeh, Adamu Uzairu, Gideon A. Shallangwa, Stephen E. Abechi, Muhammad Tukur Ibrahim
Infection with the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major health challenge concerned with the progress of a chronic liver disease impacting up to 3% of the populace and killing over 300,000 people annually [1]. Around 1% of the globe’s population is chronically infected with HCV, putting them in potential danger of developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [2]. Developing nations (where HCV infection is prevalent) face high treatment costs. In Africa, particularly in Egypt, where HCV infection threatens a large proportion of the population, HCV treatment became one of the top national priorities from 2007 to date [3,4]. There are an estimated 2.5 to 4 million new infections per year, which indicates that the disease is becoming more widespread [5,6]. For more than a decade, the recommended treatment for HCV infection has been pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin. Some directly acting antivirals (DAA) have later been implemented as an aspect of combination therapies for HCV infection, including telaprevir, boceprevir, simeprevir, and sofosbuvir [7]. Despite remarkable advances in HCV therapy, the fight against these infections is far from over, owing to higher pharmacoeconomic factors as well as the emergence of mutant strains resistant to DAA drugs [8]. As a result, the search for unique, friendlier, and more potent drugs, as well as unique antiviral receptors, is ongoing [9].
Local and global stability of an HCV viral dynamics model with two routes of infection and adaptive immunity
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Marya Sadki, Sanaa Harroudi, Karam Allali
It is acknowledged that hepatitis C virus (HCV) poses a significant health challenge for the world nowadays. HCV is a virus that causes a serious viral infectious disease that attacks the liver, and hence it is responsible for both chronic and acute hepatitis whose severity ranges from a mild illness to a serious chronic illness such cancer and liver cirrhosis. The World Health Organization WHO (2021) stated that 58 million people had chronic HCV infection, with around 1.5 million new infections registered every year, and an estimated of 290,000 people having lost their lives due to the disease in 2019, mostly due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (primary liver cancer). The WHO reported that antiviral medicines can cure more than 95% of the patients suffering from hepatitis C infection, although the access to both diagnosis and treatment is still low, especially in developing countries. To reduce the expensive public health consequences and prevent loss of life, mathematical modeling has become crucial in comprehending viral dynamics Landi et al. (2008), Hernandez-Vargas and Velasco-Hernandez (2020), Din et al. (2020), and Layden and Layden (2001). In addition, the modeling of dynamical systems has been applied in many different fields for investigating complex dynamics, such as neuroscience Li et al. (2021), oligopoly models Li et al. (2022b, 2023b), ecological systems Eskandari et al. (2022) and Li et al. (2023a), the spread of infectious diseases Li et al. (2022a) and Bounkaicha and Allali (2023), memristor system Jiang et al. (2022).