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Hepatoprotective Marine Phytochemicals
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
BR Annapoorna, S Vasudevan, K Sindhu, V Vani, V Nivya, VP Venkateish, P Madan Kumar
Side effects are common during treatment in patients with HCC. Therefore, the timely and appropriate use of hepatoprotective agents is essential. Some functions of these hepatoprotective agents include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, enzyme-reducing, detoxifying, hepatocyte membrane repair. Most commonly used hepatoprotective drugs include magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate injection, diammonium glycyrrhizinate, compound glycyrrhizin, bicyclol, silymarin, reduced glutathione, ademetionine, ursodeoxycholic acid, polyene phosphatidylcholine, and ulinastatin (Zhou et al. 2020).
The toxic contaminants of Aspalathus linearis plant material as well as herb–drug interactions may constitute the health risk factors in daily rooibos tea consumers
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Traditional herbal teas used for generations are ordinarily regarded as safe due to their long history of use. Rooibos tea phenolic compounds, apart from unique aspalathin and very rare nothofagin, are also present in other herbs and natural foods, but their specific combination in A. linearis infusion qualifies the final effect. Polyphenols have been suggested to reveal hepatoprotective activity thanks to attenuation of oxidative stress and insulin resistance, improvement of lipid metabolism and decrease of inflammation being able to affect the processes that play an important role in liver pathology (Li et al. 2018). Nevertheless, an excess of active ingredients as well as often, daily consumption of small doses of tea during prolonged period may cause adverse symptoms. An increase of polyphenol content and TAC occurs when an infusion is brewed longer than 10 min (Piek et al. 2019). He et al. (2019) described dominant groups of plant hepatotoxic constituents, primarily alkaloids (pyrrolizidines) and terpenoids (sesquiterpenes), but also mentioned some flavonoids. More than 120 natural polyphenols show liver-supporting activity (e.g. quercetin, rutin, hyperoside, isoorientin, protocatechuic acid, naringenin, apigenin, eriodictyol), and only a dozen may contribute to hepatic damage (flavokawain B, bavachinin, deguelin, rotenone, pectolinarin and retusine), but they are not met in rooibos tea (He et al. 2019).