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Lead Toxicity and Flavonoids
Published in Tanmoy Chakraborty, Lalita Ledwani, Research Methodology in Chemical Sciences, 2017
Amrish Chandra, Deepali Saxena
Silymarin is a standardized mixture of antioxidant flavonolignans extracted from the medicinal plant S. marianum, commonly known as milk thistle. It has been known since ancient times and recommended in ancient European and Asiatic medicine mainly for the treatment of various diseases.79 Silymarin is extracted from the dried seeds of milk thistle plant, where it is present in higher concentrations. Silymarin is a complex mixture of four flavonolignan isomers, namely silybin, isosilybin, silydianin, and silychristin. Among the isomers, silybin is the major and most active component and represents about 60–70%. It is a free radical scavenger and a membrane stabilizer that prevents lipoperoxidation and hepatotoxicity. The cytoprotective effects of silymarin are mainly attributable to its antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. It can prevent the absorption of toxins into the hepatocytes by occupying the binding sites as well as inhibiting many transport proteins at the membrane. Oral effectiveness, good safety profile, availability in India, and, most importantly, an affordable price make silymarin a suitable candidate for the treatment of metal-induced toxicity.80
Polyphenol Nanoformulations for Cancer Therapy: Role of Milk Components
Published in Lohith Kumar Dasarahally-Huligowda, Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Nanotechnology Applications in Dairy Science, 2019
Flavonolignans are combination of flavonoids and lignans. Silymarin is a combination of flavonolignans, which contains silibinin, silychristin, silybin, isosilybin, silydianin, dehydrosilybin, and deoxysilycistin. Its poor solubility limits its action in biological conditions.87 Nanoformulation of silibinin and glycyrrhizic acid to PEGylated liposomes showed 10-fold potency than free silibinin and anticancer activity in HepG2 cells (Fig. 6.5C).
Nanostructured Drug Delivery of Nutraceuticals for Counteracting Oxidative Stress
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Minna Hakkarainen, Kamalinder K. Singh, NanoNutraceuticals, 2019
Shobhit Kumar, Bharti Gaba, Jasjeet K. Narang, Javed Ali, Sanjula Baboota
Silymarin is a bioflavonoid having anticancer, antioxidant, anti-lipid-peroxidative, antifibrotic, immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, and liver regenerating activity. Milk thistle, Silybum marianum, is the basic source of silymarin.
Protective effects of natural compounds against paraquat-induced pulmonary toxicity: the role of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Hasan Badibostan, Nastaran Eizadi-Mood, A. Wallace Hayes, Gholamreza Karimi
Silymarin is a natural flavonoid that can be extracted from Silybum marianum. Its protective effects have been investigated in PQ-induced pulmonary injury in male rats. Silymarin abated the histopathologic changes and decreased the inflammatory cell infiltration in PQ-treated animals (Podder et al. 2012). Silymarin enhanced the generation of Nrf2 and its target enzymes including SOD, CAT, GPXs, NQO1, and HO-1. This active ingredient effectively alleviated the toxic effects of PQ on the lungs of animals (Zhao et al. 2015). In another study, the protective effect of silymarin against PQ-induced oxidative damage on the A549 adenocarcinoma cell line was investigated. The expression of defensive agents including Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1was rapidly induced (Podder et al. 2012).
Preparation, characterization, and antibacterial competence of silymarin and its nano-formulation
Published in Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2022
Fawziah S. Alshehri, Essam Kotb, Muhammad Nawaz, Suhailah Al-Jameel, Kamal Adel Amin
Silymarin powder was attained commercially from MADAUS GmbH Cologne (51101), Germany (reg no. 4-1089). Silymarin (Figure 1 derived from pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Silymarin) is a combination of flavonoids obtained from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum. It is composed of silybin and its isomers, silichristin and silidianin. Silymarin shows antioxidant and protects several tissues against biochemical damage, and act as a hepatoprotective agent.