China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
List of Chemical Substances
Published in T.S.S. Dikshith, and Safety, 2016
Pure methyl parathion exists as white crystals, while the technical product is light to dark tan in color. Impure methyl parathion is a brownish liquid that smells like rotten eggs. It is sparingly soluble in water, but soluble in dichloromethane, 2-propanol, toluene, and in many organic solvents. Methyl parathion is used to kill insects on farm crops. Methyl parathion is a contact insecticides and acaricide used for the control of boll weevils and many biting and sucking insect pests of agricultural crops. It kills insects by contact, stomach and respiratory action. The US EPA now restricts how methyl parathion can be used and applied; only trained people are allowed to spray it. Methyl parathion can no longer be used on food crops commonly consumed by children.
Exposure Assessment
Published in Barry L. Johnson, Impact of Hazardous Waste on Human Health, 2020
In 1994, state officials in Ohio discovered that methyl parathion had been used in inappropriate ways for pest control in houses in Lorain County (Hill et al., 1995). Methyl parathion is a highly toxic pesticide used principally, under controlled conditions of application, to spray cotton. The EPA has established re-entry standards for persons who work in fields sprayed with methyl parathion. In the Ohio episode, an unlicensed pesticide applicator had illegally used methyl parathion for pest control in several hundred houses. As a result, several hundred persons living in the methyl-parathion “treated” homes were exposed to the pesticide (Hill et al., 1995).
Renal damage induced by the pesticide methyl parathion in male Wistar rats
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2018
Victor Hugo Fuentes-Delgado, María Consolación Martínez-Saldaña, María Luisa Rodríguez-Vázquez, Miguel Arturo Reyes-Romero, José Luis Reyes-Sánchez, Fernando Jaramillo-Juárez
Methyl parathion (MP) is an OP compound that has been widely used as an agricultural insecticide. MP is acutely toxic with oral LD50 = 14 mg/kg in the rat; therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified this pesticide in the Class 1 category (WHO 2009). The main route of human exposure is inhalation, but dermal contact and inadvertent ingestion may also produce serious effects (Edwards and Tchounwou 2005; Ojha et al. 2013). The liver is the primary organ for MP metabolism, and this pesticide is bioactivated to methyl paraoxon, a toxic metabolite, through a desulfuration reaction catalyzed by CYP450 isoforms CYP2B6 and CYP1A2 (Buratti, Leoni, and Testai 2006; Ellison et al. 2012). The elimination of MP and metabolic products primarily occurs via urine (Edwards and Tchounwou 2005; WHO 1993). In addition to an inhibitory effect of AChE, studies in animals exposed to MP demonstrated damage to rat immune system (Liu et al. 2007) and a marked rise in DNA damage and DNA protein cross-links in rat lymphocytes (Ojha and Gupta 2015).