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Polymeric Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering
Published in Chander Prakash, Sunpreet Singh, J. Paulo Davim, Functional and Smart Materials, 2020
Akhilesh Kumar Maurya, Nidhi Mishra
Polyacrylates are containing a vinyl group and a carboxylic acid ester terminus or a nitril [51]. Polyacrylates are made up of monomer unit of acrylate, which have vinyl groups with ester. With increasing chain length of the alcohol moiety in the polymer of acrylates decreases their hardness and solvent resistance. Copolymer of acrylate with methacrylate, methylmethacrylate or styrene has increase stiffness. Methyl acrylate monomers are used for increasing hydrophilicity, and styrene or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate can be used for increasing hydrophobicity. Styrenated acrylics are tight binders, hydrophobic, which are relatively cheap [52]. Many polymers have been synthesized using acrylate as monomer with other monomers such as poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) PHEM, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), poly(tert-butyl acrylate), poly(ethylhexyl acrylate), etc., which are used as biomaterials in medical field. (See Figure 2.7)
Chemicals from Paraffin Hydrocarbons
Published in James G. Speight, Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 2019
As a methylating agent, it is used with many organic acids to produce the methyl esters such as methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, methyl acetate, and methyl terephthalate. Methanol is also used to produce dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and methyl-t-butyl ether, an important gasoline additive. It is also used to produce synthetic gasoline using a shape-selective catalyst (methanol-to-gasoline process). Olefin derivatives from methanol may be a future route for ethylene and propylene in competition with steam cracking of hydrocarbon derivatives. The use of methanol in fuel cells is being investigated. Fuel cells are theoretically capable of converting the free energy of oxidation of a fuel into electrical work. In one type of fuel cells, the cathode is made of vanadium which catalyzes the reduction of oxygen, while the anode is iron (III) which oxidizes methane to CO2 and iron (II) is formed in aqueous sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
Effects of rigid structures containing (meth)acrylate monomers and crosslinking agents with different chain length on the morphology and electro-optical properties of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal films
Published in Journal of Modern Optics, 2020
Mohsin Hassan Saeed, Shuaifeng Zhang, Le Zhou, Gang Chen, Meng Wang, Lanying Zhang, Dengke Yang, Huai Yang
In this article, we introduced (meth)acrylate monomers; Lauryl methacrylate (LMA), lauryl acrylate (LA), tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (THFMA), tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (THFA), benzyl methyl acrylate (BMA), benzyl acrylate (BA), cyclohexyl methyl acrylate (CHMA) and cyclohexyl acrylate (CHA). Subsequently, we systematically investigated the effects of (meth)acrylate monomers containing rigid structure and crosslinking agents with different chain lengths on the morphology and electro-optical properties of PDLC films. Furthermore, the comparative study of acrylate and methacrylate, both rigid and flexible and the rigidity of these monomers was also carried out.