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Glove Selection for Work with Acrylates Including Those Cured by Ultraviolet, Visible Light, or Electron Beam
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
Acrylates in industrial applications are mostly used in coatings, inks, and adhesives. The main application areas are graphic arts, wood coatings, and miscellaneous applications. These graphic arts applications typically cover overprint varnishes and several types of printing inks, including offset, flexography, screen-printing, and letterpress. Wood coatings cover both liquid and powder coatings for wood parquet and furniture. The miscellaneous applications include optical fiber coatings, can and optical disk coatings, printing plates, resists, coatings and adhesives for electronic parts, and coatings for plastics. This list is far from being exhaustive. Further details can be found in textbooks,15,16 at various sites on the Internet,17,18 and a recent review.1
Determination of four acrylates in food packaging paper via high performance liquid chromatography
Published in Binoy K. Saikia, Advances in Applied Chemistry and Industrial Catalysis, 2022
Yue Qiu, Dong Xiang, Lu Zhang, Jiaxiong Zhao
The acrylate polymer has excellent color preservation, light resistance, UV resistance, difficult to oxidation and other advantages (Sengtu 2008; Wei 2009; Zhao 2009). The modified acrylate polymer through functional unit has good paper enhancement effect and water proof performance, therefore it is widely used in the papermaking industry. Acrylate monomer substances have irritant and sensitization to skin, eyes and respiratory tract, which may cause lung, liver and kidney damage. It has been reported that long-term exposure to methyl methacrylate in human body can lead to chronic poisoning, which mainly manifested as comprehensive symptoms of nervous system damage, toxic encephalopathy and even teratogenesis may occur in a few cases (Gong 2013; Liu 2011; Qiu 2021). During the use of food contact materials, harmful substances will migrate into the human body through food.
Thermoset Polymer Matrix–Based Natural Fiber Composites
Published in Shishir Sinha, G. L. Devnani, Natural Fiber Composites, 2022
Acrylates were first innovated by DuPont during the 1970s through chloro-sulfonated polyethylene substrate; later in the mid-1990s, improved acrylates were made by changing the substrate as well as curing technique (Engels, 2012). Structural acrylates are generally two parts available in different mixture ratios. These two parts are adhesive and activator. The curing is done by a free radical addition polymerization reaction using redox-active agents. This redox-active agent is incorporated with a reducing agent and an oxidizing agent. The use of metal catalysts depends on the process. They are versatile and showcase good adhesion with different substrates. Acrylate composition is methacrylate monomer, a toughener, a resin or cross-linking agent, a reducing agent, and an oxidizing agent that acts as a source of filler and free radical. Methacrylate monomer is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, or alkoxy alkyl groups present in methacrylic acid. The monomer derived from the alkyl chain provides significant volatility, lower cost, and good adhesion surface but it exhibits a peculiar odor and flammability. Some acidic monomers include methacrylic and acrylic acids, monoester of phosphoric acid, semi-ester of maleic and succinic acid required for adhesion. For the fabrication of a hybrid curing system, an acidic monomer is used along with glycidyl epoxy resin to provide better thermal property. Some second-generation acrylates, such as partially reduced pyridine, and PDHP (1,2-dihydropyridine) are also used as reducing agents. Third-generation acrylates are based on organoborane chemistry, which consists of boro hydrides and trialkyl borane amine salts. Acrylates are used in the automobile sector, marine industry, and metal bonding applications due to their characteristics of hardness, tensile strength, and tough bonding of different substrates and toughness.
Poly(aspartic acid) superabsorbent polymers as biobased and biodegradable additives for self-sealing of cementitious mortar
Published in Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials, 2023
Lauren De Grave, José Roberto Tenório Filho, Didier Snoeck, Sofiya Vynnytska, Nele De Belie, Katrien V. Bernaerts, Sandra Van Vlierberghe
SAPs can be subdivided into two main classes, namely synthetic or chemical SAPs and natural SAPs based on polysaccharides or polypeptides. Synthetic SAPs, which are mainly based on acrylates and acrylamides, are the largest class and currently the most frequently used as a result of their high water-solubility and polyanionic character. However, acrylates are derived from petrochemicals and are non-biodegradable, imposing a major burden to the environment [19]. Also, since crude oil is finite and becomes more expensive, the use of synthetic acrylate-based SAPs will become less profitable [16]. Even though research regarding natural alternatives has been emerging in recent years and several articles on natural SAPs, derived from polysaccharides (e.g. starch, cellulose, chitosan, alginate, etc.) [19] and polypeptides (e.g. soy-protein, fish-protein, poly(glutamic acid), etc.) [20] have been published, synthetic SAPs still have the largest market share to date [21]. Therefore, the search for more environmentally friendly alternatives remains important.
Modelling of particle size distribution in butyl acrylate emulsion polymerisation in a batch reactor
Published in Indian Chemical Engineer, 2021
Butyl acrylate is used in paints, sealants, coatings, adhesives, fuel, textiles, plastics and caulk [1]. Majority of butyl acrylate is used to make emulsion polymers [2]. Quantitative understanding of the mechanistic behaviour of the butyl acrylate polymerisation through a representative computer model is therefore important. A recent review on the modelling of PSD in emulsion polymerisation is given by Sheibat-Othman et al. [3]. Modelling of butyl acrylate emulsion polymerisation has received little attention in the literature although it is an important ingredient in a number of products as listed above [1]. The modelling of this monomer system for the prediction of full PSD has been addressed in only four works so far [4–7]. A detailed model for the prediction of particle size distribution in butyl acrylate emulsion polymerisation is presented in this work which incorporates the understanding gained by our previously reported models [6–9] for this monomer and adds new information.
Synthesis, characterization of acrylate polymer having chalcone moiety: evaluation of antimicrobial, anticancer and drug release study
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2020
C. Sudhakar, J. Suresh, N. Valarmathi, S. Sumathi, A. Karthikeyan, A. Arun
Acrylate polymers are well-known synthetic compounds having widespread applications in different fields such as resins, dyes, drug carrier, adhesive, antibiotic resistant, pharmacokinetics activities, etc. The advantages of acrylate polymers lie mainly in its potential, easily modifiable and flexible properties [1,2]. Acrylate polymer associated with heterocyclic compounds such as chalcone or quinoline possesses potential biological activity [3,4] can be used to cure bacterial diseases like enterobacterial, antibacterial, antifungal activities, candidoses activity, antiprotozoa, etc. Acrylate monomer showed a broad spectrum of applications in the field of industrial packaging, automotive [5], and can be easily converted into a polymer with excellent yield. Acrylate monomer is effectively bound with another monomer and forms a variety of co-polymer.