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Biofuels Production Processes and Technologies
Published in M.R. Riazi, David Chiaramonti, Biofuels Production and Processing Technology, 2017
Franziska Müller-Langer, Marco Klemm, Jens Schneider, M.R. Riazi, David Chiaramonti
Usually, butanol (butyl alcohol) is primarily used as a bulk chemical for the production of butyl acetate and butyl acrylate. Due to its higher energy density compared to ethanol and similar properties like gasoline, especially n-butanol is also discussed to be applied as biofuel (e.g., as blend with gasoline up to 85 vol.% or as alcohol-to-jet-fuel (ATJ)) (Dürre 2007). While raw materials are the same as for ethanol, the difference from ethanol production is primarily in the fermentation of the feedstock and minor changes in distillation.
Modelling of particle size distribution in butyl acrylate emulsion polymerisation in a batch reactor
Published in Indian Chemical Engineer, 2021
Butyl acrylate is used in paints, sealants, coatings, adhesives, fuel, textiles, plastics and caulk [1]. Majority of butyl acrylate is used to make emulsion polymers [2]. Quantitative understanding of the mechanistic behaviour of the butyl acrylate polymerisation through a representative computer model is therefore important. A recent review on the modelling of PSD in emulsion polymerisation is given by Sheibat-Othman et al. [3]. Modelling of butyl acrylate emulsion polymerisation has received little attention in the literature although it is an important ingredient in a number of products as listed above [1]. The modelling of this monomer system for the prediction of full PSD has been addressed in only four works so far [4–7]. A detailed model for the prediction of particle size distribution in butyl acrylate emulsion polymerisation is presented in this work which incorporates the understanding gained by our previously reported models [6–9] for this monomer and adds new information.