Mestranol

Mestranol

Sources of Endocrine Disrupters

Published in Jason W. Birkett, John N. Lester, Endocrine Disrupters in Wastewater and Sludge Treatment Processes, 2002

J.W. Birkett

The main uses of synthetic estrogens are in oral contraception and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). In 1990, of the 58 million women in the United States who actively practiced contraception, 10 million used oral contraception.19 These contraceptives contain a combination of estrogen and progestin, with the active ingredient being ethinyl estradiol (EE2), or sometimes mestranol. Typical concentrations of EE2 range from 20 to 50 μg, with 35 μg the most commonly prescribed. It is estimated that of the 40 million menopausal American women, 5 to 13 million are using HRT.30 The active ingredients in HRT drugs are the conjugated equine estrogens, as well as conjugated estrone and 17 α and 17β-estradiol,19 with a typical daily dose of conjugated estrogens of 0.625 mg. Arcand-Hoy et al.19 produced an estimated introduction concentration (EIC) of EE2 into the aquatic environment, based on the amount of pharmaceuticals sold in the United States. The EIC for EE2 was found to be 2.16 ng L−1.

Adsorption of naturals hormones estrone, 17β-estradiol, and estriol by rice husk: monocomponent and multicomponent kinetics and equilibrium

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Journal Information

Published in Environmental Technology, 2020

Jacqueline Ferandin Honorio, Márcia Teresinha Veit, Pedro Yahico Ramos Suzaki, Priscila Ferri Coldebella, Eliane Sloboda Rigobello, Célia Regina Granhen Tavares

Natural hormones (estrone, 17 β-estradiol, and estriol) and the synthetic ones (17 α – ethynylestradiol and mestranol) are the main cause of estrogenic activities in water bodies [2], impacting the aquatic organisms with problems such as hermaphroditism [3].

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Sources of Endocrine Disrupters

Adsorption of naturals hormones estrone, 17β-estradiol, and estriol by rice husk: monocomponent and multicomponent kinetics and equilibrium