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Nanoparticle Synthesis and Administration Routes for Antiviral Uses
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
João Augusto Oshiro-Júnior, Kammila Martins Nicolau Costa, Isadora Frigieri, Bruna Galdorfini Chiari-Andréo
Every drug administered orally goes through a series of pathways until it is completely absorbed. The drug is initially administered through the mouth, and it ultimately reaches the mesenteric veins and then the hepatic portal vein; then it is transported directly to the liver, which normally metabolizes a large part of the medication, launching the active drug to reach systemic circulation, but with a reduced concentration range. This process is called first-pass or pre-systemic metabolism, where a small portion of the medication is eliminated by the organ responsible for its elimination. This process determines that the oral route has a lower bioavailability when compared to an intravenous administration (Ahmad et al. 1984).
Influence of lubricating conditions on the two-body wear behavior and hardness of titanium alloys for biomedical applications
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
The use of commercially pure titanium and titanium alloys in dental biomaterials are increasing due to their excellent corrosion resistance, good fatigue resistance, and relatively low Young modulus. However, it is still a problem that pure commercial titanium exhibits poor wear resistance high friction coefficient when used as a metallic antagonist material in dental application (Cvijovic-Alagic et al. 2011). Biomaterials placed in living tissue are exposed to a continuous and complex structure. It is inevitable for the materials placed in the mouth to be exposed to different wear mechanisms due to the chewing movement. It is possible to say that four basic wear mechanisms occurred during the human mouth movement. These wear mechanisms can be called two-body, three-body, fatigue, and corrosive wear. Two-body wear mechanism is occurred by direct contact of two materials, while in the three-body wear mechanism a third abrasive medium (for example food particle during chewing motion) is included in the environment. Generally, two-body and three-body wear mechanisms have occurred during the human chewing movement (Lazaridou et al. 2015; Yilmaz and Sadeler 2018).
An approach for dental prosthesis design and manufacturing through rapid manufacturing technologies
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2019
Matheus Beltrame Canciglieri, Athon Francisco Curi Staben de Moura Leite, Anderson Luis Szejka, Osiris Canciglieri Júnior
The simulations made in the CAE environment are the impact tests, which uses as parameter the average strength of the human mouth for the age and sex of the patient, and compression test for the fixation pin, which uses as parameter the average expression of a human mouth, with the same age and sex as the patient. The approval of the three-dimensional model is made through the deformation analysis that happened during the simulations. If the simulation shows no break of the model during the impact test it is considered successful and the compression simulation is successful if the deformation of the fixation pin is within the manufacturer’s specifications and there is no movement of the prosthesis inside the mouth (the virtual model in STL format converted from DICOM). If the model doesn’t succeed in one of either simulation, it is necessary to go back to the CAD environment to better the three-dimensional model of the prosthesis and do another round of simulations. If it doesn’t succeed in this next simulation the surgeon goes back to the CAD environment and repeats this cycle until the model is successful in both simulations.
Effects of drying methods on quality attributes of peach (Prunus persica) leather
Published in Drying Technology, 2019
S. M. Roknul Azam, Min Zhang, Chung Lim Law, Arun S. Mujumdar
The rehydration potential of dried PL was determined by soaking 2 g of PL samples with 50 mL of water in a 100 mL flat bottomed dish. The samples were rehydrated for 30 s at 37 ± 1°C (human mouth temperature). Then the water was drained from the dish, excess water on the sample surface was removed by using kitchen napkin and rested for 1 min. Then a blower fan was used for about 5 min to remove the visible water from the surface and thereafter the sample weight was recorded. Rehydration experiment was done in triplicate and the average was determined. Rehydration ratio (RR) is percentage of water gain and it is calculated using Eq. (2).