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Organic Chemistry Nomenclature
Published in Arthur W. Hounslow, Water Quality Data, 2018
The naming of simple sugars is based on: Number of C atoms + -ose, for example, five carbons are pentoses, six are hexoses, seven are heptoses, and eight are octoses.Functional group present + -ose, for example, aldose has an aldehyde group and ketose a ketone functional group.
Biomolecules and Complex Biological Entities
Published in Simona Badilescu, Muthukumaran Packirisamy, BioMEMS, 2016
Simona Badilescu, Muthukumaran Packirisamy
Carbohydrates can range in size from a simple monosaccharide (simple sugar) to an oligosaccharide or polysaccharide. A simple monosaccharide, called glucose, which is a building block for larger structures, called oligosaccharides or polysaccharides, is shown in Figure 3.36. A ketose has a ketone functionality, while an aldose has an aldehyde functionality associated with it.
The Pentose Phosphates Pathway—Glucogenesis
Published in Jean-Louis Burgot, Thermodynamics in Bioenergetics, 2019
The enzyme transketolase catalyzes the transfer of the two carbon fragment from a ketose donor to an aldose acceptor. Hence, the transferred group by the transketolase is: Group transferred by a transketolase.
Comparative proteomic analysis revealed the metabolic mechanism of excessive exopolysaccharide synthesis by Bacillus mucilaginosus under CaCO3 addition
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2019
Hongyu Xu, Zhiwen Zhang, Hui Li, Yujie Yan, Jinsong Shi, Zhenghong Xu
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Pgi), a second glycolytic enzyme, catalyzed the reversible aldose–ketose isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate. This enzyme is also an enzymatic link between glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway.[27] 6-Phosphofructokinase (PfkA) was believed to be the most important element for the control of glycolytic flux. This enzyme catalyzes a physiologically reversible interconversion of fructose-6-phosphate and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.[28] Aconitate hydratase (Acn), which transforms citrate to isocitrate, was the first step of the TCA cycle.[29] Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) directed glucose-6-phosphate into the pentose phosphate pathway and played a pivotal role in cell function.[30] In this study, we found that all the four enzymes were down-regulated with CaCO3 addition and created a decreased carbon flux toward the growth of cells.