China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Applied Chemistry and Physics
Published in Robert A. Burke, Applied Chemistry and Physics, 2020
The first of the carbonyl hydrocarbon derivatives is the ketone family. Ketone compounds have two hydrocarbon radicals and are named by identifying the radicals attached to the ketone and ending with the word “ketone.” The smallest radical is named first, then the larger one. Ketone compounds are flammable liquids that have narcotic effects on the body if they are inhaled and can be toxic if inhaled long enough in a high concentration. Ketone is represented by “CO,” which is also the carbonyl symbol. It has a hydrocarbon radical on each side of the carbon in the structural form. Radicals used may be the same as in dimethyl ketone, or they may be different as in methyl ethyl ketone. The structural representation of the ketone is the carbon double bonded to an oxygen with a radical on each side of the carbon.
Solvent Exposure and Toxic Responses
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
Ketones are hydrocarbons with a carbonyl group attached to a secondary carbon atom. Ketones are widely used as solvents for surface coatings with natural and synthetic resins; in the formulation of inks, adhesives, and dyes; in chemical extraction and manufacture; and as cleaning agents. Acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), and cyclohexanone are in most common use as industrial solvents. Consumer exposure to acetone is common in the form of nail polish remover and general use solvent. Acetone is also used in the manufacture of methacrylates while cyclohexanone is used to make caprolactam for nylon.
Oxidation Reactions
Published in Michael B. Smith, A Q&A Approach to Organic Chemistry, 2020
The most common method for the preparation of a ketone or aldehyde is the oxidation of a primary or secondary alcohol. In general, oxidation of a secondary alcohol is expected to give a ketone, and oxidation of a primary alcohol gives either an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on the oxidizing agent. What is the structure of chromium trioxide?
Pilot-scale sorption studies of diethylketone in the presence of Cd2+ and Ni2+
Published in Environmental Technology, 2019
Filomena Costa, Teresa Tavares
Industries such as petrol and petrochemical, electronics, paints, pharmaceuticals and food processing use ketones as solvents, polymer precursors or intermediates in their processes. One such example is diethylketone (DEK), a simple symmetrical dialkyl ketone also known as 3-pentone. The release of DEK into the environment constitutes a threat to living beings since it has high mobility; it is persistent in water, soil and air; it can react with OH radicals, promoting the formation of ozone and other components of the photochemical smog in urban areas [5]; and it can form toxic and phototoxic intermediates [6].
Studies on synthesis of environment-friendly products for paint and coating applications
Published in Indian Chemical Engineer, 2020
Appala Naidu Uttaravalli, Srikanta Dinda
A couple of studies are available in the literature on oligomerisation or polymerisation of ketones/alkyl ketones with aldehyde (mainly formaldehyde) to obtain a ketone-aldehyde resin. Hurst et al. [12] have patented a process to prepare a ketone-aldehyde resin by reacting cyclohexanone and/or methyl cyclohexanone with formaldehyde in presence of NaOH at a temperature range of 70–100°C. According to the disclosure, the author prepared a colourless resin with a melting point range of 75–90°C. Rainer et al. [13] have disclosed a process to produce a ketone-aldehyde resin which can be used in paint application. The polymerisation reaction was carried out under atmospheric pressure in the presence of NaOH along with various phase transfer catalysts (PTCs). The presence of PTC, the softening points of the products increased approximately by 30%. Dorffel [14] has patented a process to produce a ketone-formaldehyde resin with high softening points. The condensation reaction was carried out at a temperature range of 70–100°C in the presence of NaOH catalyst. To enhance the reaction, PTCs were added in the reaction. Martina et al. [15] have disclosed a process for the preparation of ketone-aldehyde resins through a condensation reaction of ketone (cyclohexanone, 4-tert-butyl cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetophenone, etc.) with formaldehyde in the presence of NaOH. Gloeckner et al. [16] have patented a process to produce ketone-aldehyde resins by condensing cyclohexanone with formaldehyde in the presence of NaOH along with benzyltributylammonium chloride as PTCs. The inventor claims that the developed resin can be used in various applications such as in making coatings, printing and pigment materials. Werner et al. [17] have disclosed a process for preparing a ketone-aldehyde resin which possesses high thermal stability and yellowing resistance. The reaction was performed in the presence of tetra-ethylammonium hydroxide catalyst at a temperature range of 60–90°C. To the best of our knowledge, M/s. BASF Germany is one of the leading manufacturers of ketonic resins from cyclic-ketones [18–20].