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Common Sense Emergency Response
Published in Robert A. Burke, Common Sense Emergency Response, 2020
Acetone (dimethyl ketone), a member of the ketone family of hydrocarbon derivatives, is a volatile, highly flammable, and colorless liquid solvent with a sweet type odor. It is a common ingredient in nail polish remover and may be found in beauty salons where nail technicians work. It is not highly toxic but is a narcotic. Acetone is used in the manufacture of methamphetamines.
Applied Chemistry and Physics
Published in Robert A. Burke, Applied Chemistry and Physics, 2020
Dimethyl ketone, or acetone as it is commonly known, is a widely used industrial solvent. Acetone is a colorless and volatile liquid with a sweet odor. The explosive limit is 2.6%–12.8% in air. It is narcotic in high concentrations and has a TLV of 750 ppm in air. Acetone is toxic by ingestion and inhalation. All of the ketones are flammable polar solvents and require the use of polar solvent or alcohol-type foam when fighting fires. Dealing with all other ketone compounds, responders need to remember that as a family the ketones are flammable and have narcotic effects when in contact with the human body. When ketone is in the name and you don’t know anything else about the compound, you should know what the potential hazards are.
Chemicals from Olefin Hydrocarbons
Published in James G. Speight, Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 2019
Acetone is a volatile liquid with a distinct sweet odor. It is miscible with water, alcohols, and many hydrocarbon derivatives. For this reason, it is a highly desirable solvent for paints, lacquers, and cellulose acetate. As a symmetrical ketone, acetone is a reactive compound with many synthetic uses. Among the important chemicals based on acetone are methyl-isobutyl ketone, methyl methacrylate, ketene, and diacetone alcohol.
New insights into reaction-diffusion kinetic coupling in the esterification of acetic acid with isopropanol over niobium pentoxide
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2023
Aline C. M. Trindade, Heveline Enzweiler, Nina P. G. Salau
The acidity of catalysts was compared by isopropanol decomposition at four different temperatures (150, 180, 210, and 240 °C). This test reaction can be used to characterize the acidity and basicity of catalysts. Two reactions occur during the process: isopropanol dehydration, forming propene at acidic sites and isopropanol dehydrogenation forming acetone at basic or metallic sites. Diisopropyl ether can also be formed as a result of the dehydration of two isopropyl alcohol molecules at acidic sites (Turek, Haber, and Krowiak 2005). The selectivity of the products can characterize the strength of the acidic sites, given by the ratio between the selectivity to propene and the selectivity to diisopropyl ether (Trejo et al. 2012). The reaction module consists of a quartz U-shaped tube reactor, with nitrogen as carrier gas and isopropanol being fed through a HPLC pump. The flow rates of nitrogen and isopropyl alcohol and mass of catalyst were equal to 90 mL/min, 0.1 mL/min, and 20 mg, respectively. Below 150 °C the isopropanol dehydration reaction does not occur, and above 240 °C there is degradation of the reaction products. For this reason, dehydration tests were conducted in the range of 150–240 °C. Decomposition results were analyzed by online Shimadzu gas chromatograph (GC-2014) equipped with HP-PLOT-Q capillary column (30 m × 0.32 mm × 20 μm—Agilent Technologies) and flame ionization detector (FID).
New light on acetone: a master equation model for gas phase photophysics and photochemistry
Published in Molecular Physics, 2021
Another new insight is drawn from photolysis quantum yield simulations. Acetone is an important volatile organic compound in Earth's atmosphere, where its reactions affect ozone and free radical concentrations. To understand human impacts on the atmosphere and its response to global change, the photochemical processes must be understood. Quantum yields are difficult to measure accurately when light absorption is weak, as is the case for acetone at wavelengths >300 nm. When data are noisy and must be fitted to a functional form, it is very helpful to know that functional form ahead of time. The present simulations predict that the quantum yields become independent of wavelength beyond 330 nm. This behaviour was unexpected, but can be explained as follows. At wavelengths greater than 328.6 nm (the band origin), only hot bands can be photoexcited, producing an ensemble of acetone (S1) with low rovibrational energies. This ensemble can be readily thermalised by collisions before other processes occur significantly. Subsequent ISC and dissociation thus occurs from almost the same thermalised energy distribution, regardless of photoexcitation wavelength, resulting in the quantum yields becoming independent of wavelength.
Removal of acetone from air emissions by biotrickling filters: providing solutions from laboratory to full-scale
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2018
Pau San-Valero, Carmen Gabaldón, Francisco Javier Álvarez-Hornos, Marta Izquierdo, Vicente Martínez-Soria
Acetone is one of the most widely used solvents in industrial processes due to its high volatility and non-harmful properties in comparison with other chemicals. Despite that fact, literature about the treatment of acetone air emissions by biofiltration is relatively scarce,[7–11] and only few sources deal with industrial applications of BTF.[12,13] Gaseous emissions of VOCs typically generated in industrial installations depend on the manufacturing processes and shift work, with typical shut-off periods during nights and/or weekends, which results in fluctuating concentrations. This promotes periods of high and low pollutant loads, resulting in a decrease in performance of the BTF,[14,15] because of limitations in biological reaction capacity and mass transfer rates.[16,17] Further, high concentrations of VOCs can cause inactivation of the system because of the toxic nature of the chemicals, and low concentrations can have a starvation effect on the microbial communities present in the bioreactors.[18] The operation under intermittent irrigation has become usual in full-scale BTFs because it has been demonstrated as an advantageous strategy in terms of economic savings associated with energy costs and processes.[4,15] Additionally, the irrigation pattern has been reported as a crucial parameter under discontinuous VOC loading for the removal of hydrophilic compounds,[15] which could affect the BTFs performance.