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Influence of Fructose in the Diffusion of Sodium Borate in Aqueous Solutions at 298.15 K
Published in Ali Pourhashemi, Sankar Chandra Deka, A. K. Haghi, Research Methods and Applications in Chemical and Biological Engineering, 2019
Luís M. P. Veríssimo, Ana C. F. Ribeiro, Daniela F. S. L. Rodrigues, Ana M. T. D. P. V. Cabral, M. A. Esteso
Fructose is a monosaccharide found in nature in fruits and honey. However, the exponential growth in the use of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as a sweetener in processed foods, appeared on the focus of recent scientific literature as an established cause of the obesity epidemics and a growing number of fructose-correlated diseases and conditions.1
Catalysis: Energy, Environment, and Economics
Published in Shintaro Furusaki, John Garside, L.S. Fan, The Expanding World of Chemical Engineering, 2019
Seldom realized, catalysis touches every part of our daily life. Catalysis is used in many familiar industries, including food and drug, cosmetics, plastics, fertilizers, and automotive, to name a few (Bowker, 1998). Hydrogenating vegetable oil over a nickel catalyst produces margarine. Enzyme catalysis allows corn millers to use their by-product to produce a fructose sweetener present in many drinks and foods. A large percentage of the world population depends on livestock as their main source for food. The livestock depend heavily on grains for feed. In turn, the grains, and every farm product for that matter, depend on fertilizer. When we consider the reaction processes involved in fertilizer production, we see that catalysis plays a major role in every step. First natural gas (mostly methane) is converted to carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a steam reforming reaction over nickel catalysts. Water gas shift reaction converts CO and H2O to hydrogen and CO2 over iron catalysts. After being separated from CO2, hydrogen is used to hydrogenate nitrogen over promoted iron catalysts to produce ammonia. Part of the ammonia is oxidized to NO2 over platinum/rhodium catalysts and further reacted with water to form nitric acid. The final step is the reaction of ammonia with nitric acid to produce ammonia fertilizer (NH4NO3).
Genes and genomics
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2018
All carbohydrates are made up of units of sugar. Carbohydrates that contain only one sugar unit (monosaccharides) or two sugar units (disaccharides) are called simple sugars. Simple sugars are sweet in taste and are broken down quickly in the body to release energy. Two of the most common monosaccharides are glucose and fructose. Glucose is the primary form of sugar stored in the human body for energy. Fructose is the main sugar found in most fruits. Both glucose and fructose have the same chemical formula (C6H1206). However, they have different structures (Figure 2.7).
Apple puree as a natural fructose source provides an effective alternative carbohydrate source for fuelling half-marathon running performance
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2023
Kirsty M. Reynolds, Loris A. Juett, Mark P. Funnell, Joshua B. Schofield, Claire Grundig, George Melidis, Alexander Brown, Will Hubbard, Yuxuan Luo, Ibrahim Almahaireh, Lewis J. James, Stephen A. Mears
Exogenous carbohydrate intake during endurance sport has been shown to improve performance (Burke et al., 2011). This has led to the formation of carbohydrate intake recommendations for endurance exercise; detailing information on intake based on duration, dose and sugar sources (Burke et al., 2011). For example, for exercise lasting 1–2.5 h 30–60 g/h is recommended and >2.5–3 h 90 g/h from multiple sugar sources (i.e. glucose and fructose) is recommended. Typically, sport products use highly processed fructose sources (i.e. fructose corn syrup, crystalline fructose or sucrose), which might elevate biomarkers of renal injury during exercise (Chapman et al., 2019). Alternatively, fructose, as well as small amounts of glucose/sucrose, is naturally found in fruit. It is possible that natural fructose sources may not have the same negative health implications (Hyson, 2015), whilst still providing an effective option for carbohydrate sports products (Reynolds et al., 2022a).
Crystalline fructose production: a conceptual design with experimental data and operating cost analysis
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2022
C. E. Crestani, A. T. C. R Silva, A. Bernardo, C. B. B. Costa, M. Giulietti
Fructose (C6H12O6) is a monosaccharide, present in many fruits, vegetables, and sweeteners, and is of great interest to industries. As a sweetener, it has advantages when compared to other sugars, like a larger sweetening power and independence from insulin to be metabolized, allowing its use in diets for diabetics. The presence of fructose in the ethanol-water mixture changes the Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) behavior (Dias et al. 2017) revealing fructose as a potential substance for anhydrous ethanol production by extractive distillation. On the other hand, this sugar is highly soluble in water, has a large metastable zone width, and produces highly viscous solutions, hindering crystalline fructose industrial production. For this reason, instead of crystal form, concentrated fructose sirups, such as HFCS (High Fructose Corn Syrup) are widely used as sweeteners and by food industries (Rippe 2014).
Histological and immunohistochemical study of the effect of liraglutide in experimental model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Mai Salah Nour, Zeinab Abd El-Hay Sakara, Nawal Awad Hasanin, Shereen Mohamed Hamed
From the present study, high-fat fructose diet induces nonalcoholic fatty liver disease which is a lethal disease affecting the liver badly. Administration of Liraglutide could treat NAFLD by improving hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, regulating lipid profile and liver functions, and enhancing autophagy.