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Carbon Nanotubes Used as Nanocarriers in Drug and Biomolecule Delivery
Published in Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Drug Delivery Approaches and Nanosystems, 2017
Hua He, Deli Xiao, Lien Ai Pham-Huy, Pierre Dramou, Chuong Pham-Huy
Dexamethasone (DEX) is a synthetic glucocorticoid hormone commonly used as immunosuppressant and antiinflammatory drug to treat many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. SWCNTs have been used as host-carrier film for the electrically stimulated delivery of DEX. An accelerated cellular uptake and a complete drug release of DEX were observed due to electrostatic repulsions between SWCNTs and DEX when −0.8 V potential was applied. The passive release of DEX was decreased by the addition of SWCNTs, due to the possible attractive interactions between the drug and SWCNTs. This new technique of drug delivery may improve the antiinflammatory therapy of dexamethasone in the future (Luo et al., 2011; Naficy et al., 2009; Tripathi et al., 2015). Ketoprofen, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), is used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases (arthritis, headache, etc.) by its inhibition of the prostaglandin production in the body. An electro-sensitive transdermal DDS, composed of a semiinterpenetrating polymer network (polyethylene oxide-pentaerythritol triacrylate) as the matrix and MWCNTs was demonstrated to increase the electrical sensitivity of (S)-(+)-ketoprofen. The amount of released drug increases with enhanced applied potentials, which can be attributed to higher electrical conductivity of CNTs (Tripathi et al., 2015).
Insights into the acute effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on activated sludge systems with high solids retention time
Published in Environmental Technology, 2021
Bengisu Ciftcioglu, Esma Demirkaya, Esra Salih, Dilsad Soylu, Goksin Ozyildiz, Gulsum Emel Zengin, Didem Guven, Emel Topuz, Ilke Pala-Ozkok, Güçlü Insel, Emine Cokgor, Didem Okutman Tas
In the presence of nitrification inhibitor, a remarkable difference in the removal efficiencies related to the concentration increase was not observed for diclofenac, indomethacin and mefenamic acid (Figure 7(a)). When the nitrification process is inhibited, a notable decrease in the removal efficiencies of ibuprofen (from 86% to 53%), naproxen (from 70% to 62%) and ketoprofen (from 50% to 20%) was observed at high concentration of NSAIDs (100 µg/L; ibuprofen and naproxen - 10 µg/L; ketoprofen). In this study, kinetic and stoichiometric evaluation results also reflected the potential inhibition of autotrophic species correlated with the concentration increase of the NSAIDs. Although, there are some studies in the literature hypothesized the role of the nitrifying species on the degradation of some of the micropollutants [47], this is a promising starting point for future work for more detailed investigation to clarify exact role of nitrifying species on the removal of NSAIDs. Figure 7(b) shows that the removal efficiency for ibuprofen, diclofenac, indomethacin, and mefenamic acid were not dramatically affected at 100 μg/L NSAIDs addition during concomitant organic carbon removal and nitrification processes. It should be noted that, compared to control experiment, maximum growth rates of nitrifiers was 30% reduced after the addition of 100 μg/L NSAIDs. Despite having reduced nitrifiers’ activity, better NSAIDs removal was obtained even at 100 μg/L [38].
Evaluation of Nigella sativa oil loaded electrospun polyurethane nanofibrous mat as wound dressing
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Cansu Aras, Elif Tümay Özer, Gökhan Göktalay, Gülbahar Saat, Esra Karaca
The rats were anesthetized with an inhalation of 4% Sevorane and maintained under 1.5% anesthesia in 100% O2. The hair was removed from 6 × 6 cm2 area on the back of the rat, and the area was sterilized. The full thickness of skin from a surface area of 2 × 2 cm2 was removed from each rat’s back. In this way, three wound areas were prepared on the back of each rat. The wounds were covered with an equal size of PU and PU/NSO nanofibrous mats that were sterilized with ethylene oxide, and Tegaderm commercial wound dressing. Following surgery, a ketoprofen based analgesic was injected into the rats to prevent pain and discomfort. No significant change in the rats’ body weights was noted during the wound healing process.
Seasonal occurrence, removal and risk assessment of 10 pharmaceuticals in 2 sewage treatment plants of Guangdong, China
Published in Environmental Technology, 2019
Ying Tang, Lu-lu Guo, Cheng-yang Hong, Yong-xin Bing, Zhen-cheng Xu
To complement previously published studies, a comprehensive investigation of 10 pharmaceuticals in 2 STPs in Guangdong, China, was conducted over a period of 3 years. The concentration levels in the present study are in good agreement with previous surveys conducted in China, but much lower than those reported in European and North American countries. In the influents, the most abundant compounds detected were salicylic acid, ibuprofen and fenoprofen, while in the effluents; the most abundant compounds were salicylic acid, diclofenac and gemfibrozil. Seasonal variations for most pharmaceuticals in influents were observed. The lowest concentrations were found in the summer due to consumption and rainfall. No significant differences by season were observed for various treatment process sections or in the effluents, which is affected by removal efficiencies. Removal efficiencies of pharmaceuticals were compound-specific, depending on their chemical structures, wastewater characteristics, operational conditions and the treatment technology used. Five target analytes (ibuprofen, fenoprofen, salicylic acid, naproxen and ketoprofen) were efficiently eliminated with an average %RE ranging from 74% to 97%. The activated sludge treatment process contributed to most of the removal of pharmaceuticals, while adsorption to particles in the primary treatment also contributed to the pharmaceutical removal. The oxic tank and anaerobic tank both showed good removal performances for target pharmaceuticals, but the anoxic tank made a negligible contribution to their elimination. Finally, according to environmental risk assessment data, only diclofenac exhibited RQ > 1, demonstrating that it is potentially dangerous to the aquatic ecosystem.