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Electro-Fermentation Technology: Synthesis of Chemicals and Biofuels
Published in Kuppam Chandrasekhar, Satya Eswari Jujjavarapu, Bio-Electrochemical Systems, 2022
Devashish Tribhuvan, V. Vinay, Saurav Gite, Shadab Ahmed
Propionic acid is generally used as an anti-microbial agent and also has diverse applications in perfume, paint, and food industries. Propionic acid is also used as a food additive (Liu et al., 2012). Organic molecules such as glucose, xylose, lactose, and glycerol are the substrates used in the production of propionic acid. Most bacteria that produce propionic acid belong to the Propionibacterium species. Examples include P. freudenreichii, P. acidipropionici, P. thoenii, and P. shermanii. Liu et al. (Liu et al., 2016) developed an engineered P. jenseniis strain and was able to produce 34.93 gL−1 of propionic acid. They have deleted the lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) and pyruvate oxidase (poxB) gene, which helps to reduce by-products like lactate and acetate (Liu et al., 2016). They have also overexpressed the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (ppc) gene, which avoids pyruvate intermediate and directly converts phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate.
Reactive Extraction of Propionic Acid
Published in Bharat A. Bhanvase, Rajendra P. Ugwekar, Raju B. Mankar, Novel Water Treatment and Separation Methods, 2017
Propionic acid is an important carboxylic acid basically used in food preservation, in the production of pesticides, polymers, and esters. It is also gaining its importance in pharmaceutical industry for synthesis of drugs, perfumes, and flavors. Due to such extensive applications, propionic acid attracts many researchers to find out different ways to increase its production commercially. Fermentation technology provides best alternative method to produce propionic acid. It requires best separation process to recover propionic acid from fermentation broth. Liquid extraction was employed with different organic solvents. Though extraction was successful, the amount of acid extracted was less which leads to find out advanced separation process. Reactive extraction was found to be an effective, ecofriendly, and economical technique to recover propionic acid.1−5
Role of Hollow Fiber Contactor-Based Technology in Fermentation and Enzymatic Transformation and in Chiral Separations
Published in Anil K. Pabby, S. Ranil Wickramasinghe, Kamalesh K. Sirkar, Ana-Maria Sastre, Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors, 2020
G. P. Syed Ibrahim, A. M. Isloor, R. Farnood
In another report, reactive extraction of carboxylic acids from the fermentation broth using HFC is reported [47]. In the typical reactive extraction process, the extractants such as tri-octylamine, tri-butyl phosphate, N-methyldioctylamine, and tri-oxtylphosphine oxide were tried using 1-octanol as diluent. In off-line experiments, the extraction efficiency for acetic acid was 15% and almost 100% for caproic acid. However, in the case of in-line experiments, the extraction rate was less, which was attributed to the fouling tendency of the fresh acid-rich effluent of the fermentor. Similarly, Lee et al. described the reactive extraction of acetic acid using different amines such as tri-n-octylamine, tri-ethylamine, and di-ethylamine at the various temperatures in HFC [27]. It was found that, with increasing temperature, the acetic acid removal efficiency was also increased. Furthermore, with methyl isobutyl ketone/tri-n-octylamine and chloroform/tri-n-octylamine the system manifested the acetic acid removal efficiency of 64wt% and 53wt% under 40wt% of tri-n-octylamine at 25oC. The decreasing order of extraction was found to be tri-n-octylamine> tri-ethylamine > di-ethylamine, respectively. Reactive extraction of propionic acid from lactose using amine was stated by Jin and Yang [48]. Propionic acid is an important material to produce pharmaceuticals, food preservatives, herbicides, and so on. The low product concentration, reactor productivity, and product yield in the conventional batch fermentation for the propionic acid production were overcome by the reactive extraction in HFC. As reported, the extractive fermentation exhibited the increased productivity by five-fold, yield to more than 20%, final product concentration of 75 g/L with ~ 90% purity. The increased performance was ascribed to the reduced product inhibition by the HFC. The problem associated with raising the pH of the fermentation and extraction was reduced by the addition of a small amount of propionate, which increased the selectivity towards the propionic acid extraction over acetic acid.
Growth engineering of Propionibacterium freudenreichii shermanii for organic acids and other value-added products formation
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2018
Vijita V. Pillai, Gunjan Prakash, Arvind M. Lali
Propionic acid (PA), a short-chain volatile fatty acid is an important platform chemical and has application in a wide range of industries like in cheese making, preservatives and feed, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, paints, and polymers. Major share of PA produced goes into animal feed and grain preservative sector, followed by sodium and calcium propionate production. Rise in demand for cleaner and bio-based ingredients for food, drugs, and cosmetics along with the hiked prices of petroleum-derived chemicals have led to increased interest in PA production through biological means.[123] However, microbial fermentation of PA has still not gained as much economic viability due to the long fermentation time, low concentration, low yield, low productivity,[4] end product inhibition,[5,6] difficulty in recovering pure PA from the product mixture and high cost of purification.[7]
A greener tetraphenylporphyrin synthesis and metallation: an undergraduate teaching experiment
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2023
Matthew A. Nitka, Katarina E. Zerbee, Julianne M. Dee, Matthew A. Cranswick, Edward P. Zovinka, John R. De Backere
Proper protective equipment (e.g. goggles, lab coat, nitrile gloves, etc.) should be worn at all times and work performed in a fume hood where possible. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc), ethanol (EtOH), methanol (MeOH), and propionic acid are highly flammable. Refluxing solvent and hotplates can cause burns. Metal salts are generally toxic and environmentally hazardous, and the cobalt and nickel acetate salts are suspected carcinogens. Propionic acid is corrosive and can cause severe skin and eye irritation or damage.