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Scope and Application of Bionanotechnology for the Bioremediation of Emerging Contaminants Generated as Industrial Waste Products
Published in Naveen Dwivedi, Shubha Dwivedi, Bionanotechnology Towards Sustainable Management of Environmental Pollution, 2023
Md Shahid Alam, Surabhi Rode, Harry Kaur, Sapna Lonare, Deena Nath Gupta
Antipyretic drugs are given to control body temperature, which induces the hypothalamus to enhance prostaglandin secretion. The use of antipyretic drugs is increasing exponentially because of the Covid-19 pandemic situation and other medical conditions. The most usable antipyretics are paracetamol, ibuprofen, aspirin, etc. Antipyretic drugs are not entirely metabolized by humans or animals and are excreted into wastewater or sludge. The increased concentration of antipyretic medications in wastewater induces harmful effects and risks on aquatic life forms. Their elevated level in recent years is an emerging concern, and an appropriate strategy needs to be developed.
Study of a cross-linked hydrogel of Karaya gum and Starch as a controlled drug delivery system
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2019
Sapna Sethi, Balbir Singh Kaith, Mandeep Kaur, Neeraj Sharma, Sadhika Khullar
Starch is a semi-crystalline polymer composed of two polysaccharide units, linear amylose and branched amylopectin [10]. Starch as an economical and biodegradable material obtained from renewable resources is a potential candidate for developing such sustainable and environmental friendly materials. Starch can be chemically cross-linked to karaya gum to improve thermal and mechanical properties of hydrogels. Generally, the acrylic acid moieties are grafted over natural polymers and then grafted polymer backbones are cross-linked to synthesize hydrogels. Polyacrylic acid grafted hydrogels are hydrophilic, pH responsive and have potential to deliver the water soluble drugs to specific sites in the body [11]. The polysaccharides have always been considered as potential oral drug carriers due to their availability, easy modification, stability, safety and biodegradability [12]. Aspirin and paracetamol are widely used antipyretic and analgesic drugs with anti-inflammatory activity. The direct oral intake of these drugs may cause irritation of gastrointestinal tract, heartburn, gastritis, liver impairment etc. [13]. These drugs if loaded in hydrogel matrix can be safely delivered to body without causing any type of irritation, toxicity and other side effects.