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Chemical Carcinogenesis in Skin: Causation, Mechanism, and Role of Oncogenes
Published in Rhoda G. M. Wang, James B. Knaak, Howard I. Maibach, Health Risk Assessment, 2017
The physiological inducers of epidermal differentiation are known to stimulate endogenous phosphatidyl inositol metabolism and to generate DAG which suggest that phosphatidyl inositol-PKC second messenger system may regulate epidermal differentiation and thereby TPA mimics the action of endogenous second messenger system. In response to TPA, all epidermal cells do not differentiate but only immature keratinocytes are stimulated for proliferation;35 a heterogeneous action which is responsible for the regenerative hyperplasia in TPA-treated murine skin. Thus initiated, papilloma and carcinoma cells behave like immature epidermal cells and proliferate in response to TPA exposure.35
Phytases and Their Characteristic Features and Biotechnological Applications in Animal Feed
Published in Pankaj Bhatt, Industrial Applications of Microbial Enzymes, 2023
Syed Zakir Hussain Shah, Mahroze Fatima, Mehwish Khan, Muhammad Bilal
According to Pointillart et al. (1985), phosphatase and phytase capability of phytate degradation, rising from the mucosa of the small intestine, is assumed to be terminated because of its minimum and slower activity. Nevertheless, Hu et al. (1996) found highly noticeable mucosal phytase activity in the jejunum of pigs, as the efficiency for IP3 (myo-inositol triphosphate) was maximum and dropped when phosphorylation of molecule of phytate increased, which is linked with the decrease in solubility. The authors proposed that dephosphorylation of lower esters derived from myo-inositol phosphate might have an influence on mucosal phytase.
Flame Retardants and the Environment
Published in Asim Kumar Roy Choudhury, Flame Retardants for Textile Materials, 2020
Recently, a biobased phosphorus-containing compound phytic acid (PA) (Structure 10.7) has provoked interest in textile treatment, particularly in FR treatment. Phytic acid is a sixfold dihydrogenphosphate ester of inositol (specifically, of the myo isomer), also called inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) or inositol polyphosphate. At physiological pH, the phosphates are partially ionized, resulting in the phytate anion.
Assessment of oxidative DNA damage, apoptosis and histopathological alterations on zebrafish exposed with green silver nanoparticle
Published in Chemistry and Ecology, 2022
Mine Kokturk, Serkan Yıldırım, Muhammed Atamanalp, Mehmet Harbi Calimli, Mehmet Salih Nas, Ismail Bolat, Gunes Ozhan, Gonca Alak
By comparative analysis, there are fourteen impaired metabolic pathways, related to phosphorus assimilation under Ag NP exposures. Among them, five metabolic pathways were significantly affected, including inositol phosphate metabolism, phosphatidylinositol signalling system, and glutathione metabolism in algal cells. Moreover, enrichment analysis showed that AgNPs significantly affected metabolic pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism and fatty acid metabolism [31]. These pathways are closely related to cellular functions such as cell growth, migration and differentiation, and disruptions in these mechanisms lead to strong adverse effects [26]. In our study findings, it is thought that the determined for VA-Ag/AC NPs toxicity is mainly caused by dissolved Ag +.
Preparation of pure lower-order myo-Inositol phosphates on laboratory scale for physiological and enzymatic studies
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2021
Anion-exchange chromatography was used to separate the different myo-inositol phosphate esters. Baseline separation of the myo-inositol phosphate esters with different numbers of phosphate residues (x = 3 − 6) bound to the myo-inositol ring was found be to feasible up to an amount of 10 mmol myo-inositol phosphates loaded onto the column (Q-Sepharose fast flow, 5 × 42 cm) using a stepwise elution with ammonium formate-formic acid, pH 2.5 (Fig. 3). To determine concentration and purity of the myo-inositol phosphate preparations, ion-pair chromatography was applied. The purified myo-inositol phosphate isomers were virtually free of other myo-inositol phosphate esters (below the detection limit of the HPLC system of 2 nmol per myo-inositol phosphate ester).
Isolation of Cadmium and Lead Tolerant Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria: Lysinibacillus varians and Pseudomonas putida from Indian Agricultural Soil
Published in Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2019
Amit Kumar Pal, Chandan Sengupta
As depicted in Table 2, all the selected isolates were characterized by different biochemical tests such as amylase, catalase, gelatin hydrolysis, methyl red, indole production, citrate utilization, urease, and casein hydrolysis. The results (Table 2) of different carbohydrate utilization ability indicated different bacterial isolates have the different degree of carbohydrate utilization ability whereas glucose and sucrose were more preferable for all the isolates than the sugar alcohol such as mannitol or inositol. All the isolates can grow under 5% NaCl amended condition except KUBM 20 which was able to survive up to 10% saline (NaCl) condition. Many bacteria were isolated previously from the saline condition, which was salinity stress tolerant (Ilyas et al. 2012; Rodriguez-Valera et al. 1985; Roohi et al. 2012; Upadhyay, Singh, and Saikia 2009). The salt-tolerant ability of the bacterial isolates in this study might be helpful for the plant growth in saline condition by different mechanisms such as osmotic accumulation, hydraulic conductance, sequestering toxic Na+ ions (Dodd and Pérez-Alfocea 2012).