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Introduction to Nanosensors
Published in Vinod Kumar Khanna, Nanosensors, 2021
Alkanes (e.g., methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), and propane (C3H8)) are hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2. Alkenes (e.g., ethane (C2H4), propene (C3H6), and butene (C4H8)) are hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n. Alkynes (e.g., ethyne (C2H2), propyne (C3H4), and butyne (C4H6)) are hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n−2. Alicyclic compounds (e.g., cyclobutane (C4H8), cyclopentane (C5H10), and cyclohexane (C6H12)) are the class of cyclic hydrocarbons that closely resemble open chain hydrocarbons.
Solvent Exposure and Toxic Responses
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
Alicyclic hydrocarbons are saturated or unsaturated molecules in which three or more carbon atoms are joined to form a ring structure. The saturated compounds are called cycloalkanes, cycloparaffins, or naphthenes. The cyclic hydrocarbons with one or more double bonds are called cycloalkenes or cyclo-olefins. Cyclohexane is the only alicyclic hydrocarbon that is widely used as an industrial solvent for fats, oils, waxes, resins, and certain synthetic rubbers, and as an extractant of essential oils in the perfume industry. However, most of the cyclohexane produced is used in the manufacturing of nylon. Cyclo-hexene is used in the manufacture of adipic, maleic, and cyclohexane carboxylic acid. Methylcyclohexane is used as a solvent for cellulose ethers and in the production of organic synthetics.
Biotransformation of Organic Compounds
Published in L.G. Wilson, Lorne G. Everett, Stephen J. Cullen, Handbook of Vadose Zone Characterization & Monitoring, 2018
Alicyclic hydrocarbons are saturated carbon chains which form a ring structure. There is a great variety of naturally occurring alicyclic hydrocarbons. For example, alicyclic hydrocarbons are a major component of crude oil, comprising 20% to 67% by volume. The various components range from simple, such as cyclopentane and cylcohexane, to complex, such as trimethylcyclopentane and various cycloparaffins (Perry, 1984). Other examples of complex naturally occurring alicyclic hydrocarbons include camphor, which is a plant oil, cyclohexyl fatty acids, which are components of microbial lipids, or the paraffins from leaf waxes (Trudgill, 1984). Anthropogenic additions of alicyclic hydrocarbons to the environment come from fossil fuel processing and spills, and the use of agrochemicals such as the pyrethrin insecticides.
Management of waste lubricant oil in Europe: A circular economy approach
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
Carolina T. Pinheiro, Margarida J. Quina, Licínio M. Gando-Ferreira
Alicyclic hydrocarbons, known as naphthenes are saturated cyclic structures based on more than one and up to six-membered rings (Totten et al., 2003). Naphthenes tend to have low pour point, providing outstanding low-temperature properties. Furthermore, its high solvency power contributes not only to the dilution of additives, but also to dissolve deposits and debris during use. These characteristics improve the seal compatibility, which is of great importance in many applications, such as in hydraulic fluids and gear oils (Mang & Dresel, 2017; Speight & Exall, 2014). The main disadvantages of naphthenic oils are low oxidation stability and viscosity-temperature characteristics (Mang et al., 2011; Pirro et al., 2001).