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Role of Data Science in Revolutionizing Healthcare
Published in Pallavi Vijay Chavan, Parikshit N Mahalle, Ramchandra Mangrulkar, Idongesit Williams, Data Science, 2022
Yashsingh Manral, Siddhesh Unhavane, Jyoti Kundale
Diabetes is a body condition in which the blood sugar level of the individual is in very high concentration. Most of the food that we consume is broken down to glucose which is a form of sugar. This sugar is dissolved in the blood and circulated throughout the body, and when this sugar content is high in the blood, then that individual is said to be diabetic. Insulin is a body fluid that is created by the pancreas. Insulin helps in breaking down sugar present in the blood which provides energy to the human body. Diabetes occurs when either the pancreas does not make enough insulin or the insulin is ineffective in breaking down the sugar present in the blood. Diabetes affected 30.3 million persons in the United States in 2015, accounting for 9.4% of the population. More than one-fourth of them were unaware that they had the condition. One in four people over the age of 65 has diabetes. In adults, type 2 diabetes accounts for 90%–95%of occurrences. One may think that an increase in sugar concentration is not as harmful to the human body but the reality is the opposite. Diabetes is associated with many harmful body conditions like heart disease, vision loss, kidney disease, eye problems, dental problems, nerve damage, foot problems, and stroke. The cure for diabetes is yet to be developed by scientists and researchers around the world but scientists believe losing weight, eating healthy meals, and being active can help in alleviating the diabetic conditions of a person [1].
Medium Design for Cell Culture Processing
Published in Wei-Shou Hu, Cell Culture Bioprocess Engineering, 2020
Other sugars, especially galactose, mannose, and fructose, may also be used as alternative sugars. All cultured cells express the GLUT1 transporter at a significant level, and take up glucose readily under a normal glucose level in medium. Galactose is also transported by GLUT1, and can thus be used as an alternative sugar to glucose. The KM for galactose uptake is higher than for glucose. In the concentration range commonly used for glucose, galactose is taken up by cells at a lower rate, resulting in lower lactic acid production in the culture. Fructose is transported by the GLUT5 transporter. The KM for fructose transport by GLUT5 is also high. Thus, similar to galactose, the uptake rate for fructose is lower than for glucose unless a high concentration of fructose is used. However, not all cells can utilize fructose as some do not express GLUT5.
Advances in spray drying of sugar-rich products
Published in Drying Technology, 2021
Mariia Sobulska, Ireneusz Zbicinski
Application of conventional carriers, i.e., refined carbohydrates such as maltodextrin and gum arabic has found numerous applications in spray drying of sugar-rich products due to its good solubility, low viscosity and excellent encapsulation properties. Application of carriers such as maltodextrin has favorable effect on the final product properties: increase of maltodextrin content in the powder results in decrease of particles moisture content and water activity due to increase of solids content in the feed.[30] Additionally, higher maltodextrin content in the powder provide enhanced solubility, flowability and reduced hygroscopicity due to reduced adhesion and ambient water sorption of the carrier.[30] The disadvantages of refined carbohydrates as the carriers are: high content of the carrier in the final product, change of natural taste and aroma of the product and reduction of the concentration of key bioactive nutrients. Moreover, increased consumption of refined carbohydrates is not desirable for human health, since glucose produced during digestion of refined carbohydrates is rapidly absorbed in the small intestine increasing the glycemic load. The increased intake of sugars found in food and beverages is directly related to nutrition associated diseases such as obesity, diabetes and high level of blood cholesterol.[3]
Contextualising individual, household and community level factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverage intake and screen time in Soweto, South Africa
Published in Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, 2022
Alessandra Prioreschi, Lisa J Ware, Catherine E Draper, Stephen Lye, Shane A Norris
SSB consumption is one indicator of dietary behavior, and is related to obesity risk, type-2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.7,10,16,17 SSB consumption was high in the majority of this sample, with the majority of participants reporting 1–3 sugar sweetened beverages per day. The WHO recommends that free sugar intake is restricted to less than 10% of total energy intake (preferably less than 5%),18 which equates to about 6 teaspoons of sugar per day. One average small SSB (330 ml) contains about 8–9 teaspoons of sugar. Therefore, even before consumption of any free sugar in foods, the large majority (96%) of this population were far exceeding these guidelines from beverages alone. In India, a nationally representative survey showed SSB consumption equated to 12% of total beverage consumption, equating to between 40 and 50 kilocalories per day.19 In 2010, global average SSB consumption was 0.58 servings per day, and consumption was highest upper- and lower- middle-income countries.20 A study conducted in Soweto investigating perceptions of SSBs and the recently implemented sugar tax showed that participants (aged 18–55 years, 51% female) reported constant and regular consumption of SSBs amounting to at least 1–2 bottles (330 ml), usually of Coca-Cola, per day.21 Participants reported that drinking these beverages was a “habit,” and that they drank them from “morning to evening,” and also that regular advertisements for these beverages and easy accessibility on every street corner influenced consumption.21 The density of SSB advertisements and availability from street vendors has been objectively verified using GPS mapping of Soweto.22
Evaluation of sucrose-enriched diet consumption in the development of risk factors associated to type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a murine model
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2021
Carolina Gabriela Plazas Guerrero, Selene De Jesús Acosta Cota, Francisco Humberto Castro Sánchez, Marcela De Jesús Vergara Jiménez, Efrén Rafael Ríos Burgueño, Juan Ignacio Sarmiento Sánchez, Lorenzo Antonio Picos Corrales, Ulises Osuna Martínez
Scientific evidence in both human and animal models support the suggestion that excess sugar consumption has negative metabolic effects such dyslipidemia, a rise in inflammatory markers, weight gain, increased risk for type 2 diabetes and other alterations associated with NCDs (Hochuli et al. 2014; Schultz et al. 2015; Gallagher et al. 2016). However, in other research studies or meta-analysis, no clear and determinant relationship between the consumption of this disaccharide and some of the NCDs related-risk factors has been found (Bravo et al. 2013; Rippe and Angelopoulos 2013; Tsilas et al. 2017)