China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Windows, doors and stairs
Published in Derek Worthing, Nigel Dann, Roger Heath, of Houses, 2021
Derek Worthing, Nigel Dann, Roger Heath
Multiple glazing has become standard – this is often ‘double glazing’ (two panes of glass separated by a layer of trapped air/gas) and increasingly ‘triple glazing’ (three panes, etc.). Both are explained in more detail later in the chapter. Multiple glazing is significantly thicker than the typical 4mm glass used in single glazing; it is also significantly heavier. Sprigs and putty are not an effective way to fix such glazing units and beads are the preferred method. Beads for timber windows are small section moulded timbers which are specially cut and fixed by nailing. This secures the glazed unit in the casement’s glazing rebate. A common defect in windows with multiple glazed units was poor on-site glazing and nowadays most windows are glazed prior to their arrival on site in an attempt to avoid this problem.
Building Envelope
Published in Stephen A. Roosa, Steve Doty, Wayne C. Turner, Energy Management Handbook, 2020
The terms fenestration, window, and glazing are sometimes used interchangeably. To describe the important aspects of performance in this area requires that terms be defined carefully. Fenestration refers to the arrangement of windows and doors on the exterior elevations of buildings. Windows are openings in walls or doors that usually have a glass panel. Glazing is the transparent component of glass or plastic windows, doors, clerestories or skylights. The sash is a frame in which the glass panes of a window are set. The frame is the complete structural enclosure of the glazing and sash system. Window is the term we give to an entire assembly comprised of the sash, glazing and frame.
Introduction to Energy Audit
Published in Moncef Krarti, Energy Audit of Building Systems, 2020
Some of the commonly recommended ECMs to improve the thermal performance of the building envelope are as follows: Addition of Thermal Insulation. For building surfaces without any thermal insulation, this measure can be cost-effective.Replacement of Windows. When windows represent a significant portion of the exposed building surfaces, using more energy-efficient windows (high R-value, low-emissivity glazing, airtight, etc.) can be beneficial in both reducing the energy use and improving the indoor comfort level.Reduction of Air Leakage. When the infiltration load is significant, leakage area of the building envelope can be reduced by simple and inexpensive weatherstripping techniques.
Impact of the new Saudi energy conservation code on Saudi Arabia residential buildings
Published in Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022
Abdullah Alardhi, Abdulaziz S Alaboodi, Radwan Almasri
In (Sabouri, Zain, and Jamil 2011), different components of a bungalow house of Malaysia, including floor, wall, roofs, and their influence, were explored by Design Builder software based on energy plus program. The researchers replaced heavyweight walls with lightweight ones, which decreased energy consumption by 16% using appropriate floor materials resulted in a 9.4% energy saving. Sadeghifam et al. (2015) simulated a residential building in Malaysia. They indicated that changing ceilings and ceiling materials are the most effective way to reduce energy consumption. This design was evaluated using computer simulations, which is useful meth for cost-effective and less time-consuming analysis of different energy needs for different building scenarios. Yousefi, Gholipour, and Yan (2017) studied the energy consumption of multifamily buildings in Iran. They reported that the optimal orientation to sun path, ventilation, and double-glazing windows with high performance could reduce energy consumption by 12%, 25%, and 20%, respectively.
Life cycle cost analysis on three high-performance glazing systems for an office building in New Cairo, Egypt
Published in Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 2021
Youssef O. Elkhayat, Mona G. Ibrahim, Koji Tokimatsu, Ahmed AbdelMonteleb M. Ali
In office buildings, glazing systems are often used due to their advantages such as quick installation, durability, lightweight, attractive looking, open outside view, and daylight penetration. However, the use of these systems in hot desert climate zones increases the solar heat gain, which respectively increases the cooling loads (Bahaj, James, & Jentsch, 2008). It reflects the operating energy cost of the building during its service lifetime. To solve this problem, the leading manufacturers of glazing systems in the world have produced different High-Performance Glazing Systems (HPGSs), which are useful in improving the indoor environment besides using the least amount of energy for cooling and lighting (Aksamija, 2013). However, these systems can save energy during the use phase. The high initial cost could affect negatively on economic feasibility. In Europe and the USA, these systems’ initial costs range from double to five times the cost of a conventional clear double-glazing system (Amer, Mahar, Ruellan, & Attia, 2019). These extra costs refer to the engineering of these systems, special glass manufacturing, and installation.
Building energy performance: sphere area as a fair normalization concept
Published in Building Research & Information, 2019
Wolf Bracke, Marc Delghust, Jelle Laverge, Arnold Janssens
The building characteristics of set1 are representative of the average dwelling built during the last few years in Belgium. The U-values of the building envelope components (roof, walls, floors, windows and party walls) correspond to the maximum legal level imposed in 2014 (VEA, 2014). An airtightness level (v50) of 6 m³/(h.m²) assumes no specific attention is paid to avoid air leakages. A solar heat-gain coefficient (SHGC) of 0.63 represents the standard glazing type. A condensing gas boiler with a generation efficiency (ηgen) of 0.92 is applied, with a heating system efficiency (ηsys) of 0.87 representing a radiator heating system. A solar thermal collector of 4 m² assists the gas boiler with domestic hot water generation. An extraction ventilation system is supposed with a simple demand control strategy, leading to a demand control-reduction factor of the ventilation airflow of 0.88.