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Glass
Published in Arthur Lyons, Materials for Architects and Builders, 2019
Float glass for the construction industry is made within the thickness range of 2–25 mm, although 0.5 mm is available for the electronics industry. Many surface-modified glasses are produced by incorporating metal ions into the glass within the float process, or under vacuum by magnetically enhanced cathodic sputtering, or alternatively by spraying the surface with metal oxides or silicon. The off-line process allows a much wider range of finishes to be applied, including those needed for the most energy-efficient forms of low-e glass. Body-tinted glass, which is of uniform colour, is manufactured by blending additional metal oxides into the standard melt. The use of all-electric melting processes offers higher quality control and less environmental pollution than previously produced from earlier oil- or gas-fired furnaces.
Glass Processing and Properties
Published in Debasish Sarkar, Ceramic Processing, 2019
Glass is an ancient material and a subject of interest from the research laboratory to civil construction. As well as the versatile use of float glass in daily life, advanced processing protocols facilitate its use, such as impact resistance, reflecting mirrors, insulating glass, etc. It is worth recalling that the glass fabrication environment and performance expectancy depend on several factors, including composition selection, control over viscosity at adequate temperature, processing temperature and atmosphere, working point, annealing point, and defect control. As well as float glass, recently, bottle glass has been in high demand for the beverage and food packing industries, and it is obvious that each and every manufacturer has its own processing protocol to make defect-free components. The market in medical practice highlights the enormous scope of bioglass to make different scaffolds, and it is obvious that for health reasons, this process demands more precise control for consistent composition and purity. The evaluation of critical properties provides the level of confidence in the product, and therefore, a cluster of properties, primarily optical, thermal, mechanical, electrical conductivity, and plausible interaction with water, have been discussed. The precise incorporation or introduction of crystalline phases results in what are conventionally known as glass-ceramics, which experience different degrees of properties compared with only amorphous glass. However, this concept and their manufacturing process have not been covered in this book.
Case study - management of the early float glass start-ups
Published in Brychan Celfyn Thomas, Alun Merlyn Thomas, The Business of New Process Diffusion, 2019
Brychan Celfyn Thomas, Alun Merlyn Thomas
The float glass process is now adopted by all major manufacturers of glass, being a new concept when it was developed by Pilkington Brothers Limited, where molten glass fed continuously onto the surface of a bath of molten tin on which it floats produced a constant thickness and smooth surface for the resultant glass, removing the need for grinding (Twiss, 1979). Even though the concept of floating glass on tin is simple, the practical development of a mass production process had major time and cost implications (Twiss, 1979). According to Barker (1994) there were two important conditions for the successful development of the float glass process: first, world glass demand for both building and the motor industry was growing rapidly, and in these circumstances the decision for float investment in 1955 was timely; and second, the presence on the board of Alastair Pilkington where he could make the case for continued development was vital to the success of the process. Float glass, developed by Pilkington Brothers Limited, involved an essentially new process, first announced in 1959 and following further development licensed on a worldwide basis (Barker, 1994). By largely reducing costs it quickly replaced the manufacture of plate glass, and following further development it replaced sheet glass (Barker, 1994).
Comparative analysis of chipping mechanics of float glass during rotary ultrasonic drilling and conventional drilling: For multi-shaped tools
Published in Machining Science and Technology, 2019
Ankit Sharma, Vivek Jain, Dheeraj Gupta
The innovation in the field of hard and brittle material such as float glass is still under investigation, because of its distinctive features. Float glass is widely utilized because of its exceptional wear resistance, chemical and thermal characteristics. The application of float glass’s blind hole as sensor glass, micro-processor glass, decorative glass, biochip and in other micro-electronics and energy based industries. In case of micro-fluidics, blind holes act as a reservoir for the liquid (to trap liquid). The liquid flows from this reservoir to the micro-channels for various kind of applications such as heat exchangers, lab-on-chip, micro-reactors/mixers, etc.