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Pharmaceutical Applications of Microencapsulation Using Coacervation/Phase Separation Techniques
Published in Agis F. Kydonieus, Controlled Release Technologies: Methods, Theory, and Applications, 2019
The drugs more commonly microencapsulated for taste abatement are vitamins and antibiotics; among the latter, an excellent example is the semisynthetic penicillin congener, flucloxacillin. One of us7 conducted a special study to assess the bioavailability of a flucloxacillin preparation microencapsulated for taste abatement with 17% ethyl-cellulose, with an in vitro release of 80% in half an hour, made up as a granular product for extemporaneous resuspension. The reference product was a commercially available flucloxacillin preparation which was repacked so as to be indistinguishable from the test product and so afford “double blind” experimental conditions. The test subjects were six healthy adult males maintained in uniform housing and feeding conditions throughout the test period. The experimental design was the classical cross-over pattern with two-by-two Latin square distribution, whereby each subject received both products on two separate occasions with a suitable washout period between dosings (in other words, each subject served as his own control). On each test day, blood samples were obtained from each participant at 30 min and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 hr after dosing to be assayed for flucloxacillin content. Also, urinary excretion of the antibiotic was measured at 6 and 24 hr after dosing. Figure 3 shows the plasma levels of flucloxacillin elicited at the various sampling times with the test product and with the raw reference material. Clearly, both dosage forms were readily available to absorption and produced much the same peaks and general curve pattern; indeed, if you measure the areas under the time/concentration curves, you find that the microencapsulated product was slightly more “available” than the reference product, though the difference was not statistically significant. These results are confirmed by the data of urinary excretion shown in Figure 4, again indicating a small (not significant) difference in favor of the microencapsulated product. This trial proves that flucloxacillin microencapsulated for taste abatement is fully as available from the dosage form as the raw (unprocessed) antibiotic.
A comprehensive review of corrosion inhibition of aluminium alloys by green inhibitors
Published in Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 2023
Mulky Lavanya, Joydeep Ghosal, Padmalatha Rao
Cloxacillin > flucloxacillin. All inhibitors followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Studies were also conducted in the temperature range of 25–65°C. For all the inhibitors inhibition efficiency decreased with an increase in temperature and followed physical adsorption. [80].