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Environmental Performance of Bio-Based Polymer Additives: Thermal Stabilizers and Antioxidants
Published in Moayad N. Khalaf, Michael Olegovich Smirnov, Porteen Kannan, A. K. Haghi, Environmental Technology and Engineering Techniques, 2020
Hussein A. Shnawa, Moayad N. Khalaf
Epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO), for example, is a vegetable oil widely used as plasticizer and/or stabilizer for PVC in food contact materials. The study carried out by C. Bueno-Ferrer et al.58 aimed to evaluate the behavior of ESBO as the only plasticizer and stabilizer for PVC at different concentration levels by means of a structural and thermal study. Formulations based on PVC with different amounts of ESBO (from 30 to 50) wt% were fully characterized showing good compatibility and a clear increase in thermal stability. An evaluation of the use of ESBO for PVC stabilization in commercial lids was carried out by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results of this study showed a significant increase in thermal degradation temperatures of PVC. It was reported that the ESBO stabilization mechanism involves a reaction between the epoxide ring and hydrogen chloride generated during PVC degradation. This reaction prevents PVC from further dehydrochlorination, preserving its color and limiting loss of PVC properties.
Synthesis and properties of unsaturated modified linoleate for fast UV-curable coatings
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Wei Zhang, Haihong Ma, Xu Han, Zhengfa Zhou, Weibing Xu, Fengmei Ren
It can be seen that the UV-cured coatings possessed good surface drying time, adhesion, flexibility, and water resistance. Compared with the work of other researchers in similar research fields, the surface drying time of as-prepared UV-cured coatings is shorter than UV-curable copolymers derived from myrcene and tung oil prepared by Yang et al. (Yang et al. 2015) and UV-curable waterborne polyurethane-acrylate reported by Xu et al. (Xu et al. 2012). At the same time, the flexibility of as-prepared UV-cured coatings is also better than UV-curable coatings from acrylated epoxidized soybean oil and multiarmed cardanol reported by Liu et al. (Liu et al. 2015). And the pencil hardness is similar with UV-curable coatings from multiarmed cardanol reported by Liu et al. (Liu et al. 2015).
A review on recent trends in bio-based pressure sensitive adhesives
Published in The Journal of Adhesion, 2023
S. Vishnu Pradeep, Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian, Sumati Sidharth
This work can be regarded as a continuation of previous reviews in this field by Cohen et al. In their review, the aforementioned authors have discussed the various available PSA systems like Rubbers, Acrylates, Silicones and their advantages and disadvantages, the materials which can be used as elastomers and fulfil the Dahlquist criterion of tack and also the various types of tackifier resins. In their attempt to explore the field of bio-based PSAs, they have identified the primary hurdle to obtain a fully bio-based PSA, being the elastomeric component. Tackifier resins and carrier tapes are most often obtained from bio-based systems whereas apart from natural rubber there are hardly any available bio-based elastomeric materials. Their review is an exhaustive source of literature for previously done work in the field of bio-based elastomers for PSA applications like polyethylene citrate and other bio-based or biodegradable PSA systems researched uptill 2013. Systems based on gluten, polyhydroxyalkanoate, epoxidized soybean oil and others are discussed. Thus summarising the various bio-based/biodegradable PSA systems which are researched and developed worldwide.[11]
A review on mechanical and tribological characterization of boron carbide reinforced epoxy composite
Published in Advanced Composite Materials, 2021
Sunny Bhatia, Surjit Angra, Sabah Khan
Many methodical methods such as Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) have been used for the characterization of curing reaction and to observe the process of curing of thermosets [18–20]. Using software, glass transition temperature, Tg can be related to the degree of conversion of epoxy. The formation of epoxy composites can also be monitored using Kamal’s method as it was earlier done on zeolite/epoxy composites [21] and in the fabrication of carbon graphite–epoxy prepregs–preimpregnated fibers [22,23]. The method can also be employed in the curing reaction, wherein the initial monomer soon vanishes, reducing the free volume [24]. Once the conversion reaches the critical value, a considerable number of functional groups are ‘nested’ in the networks (cross-linked), restricting their mobility, either fully or partially. At this point, continuous three-dimensional network strengthens as diffusion starts to control the reaction. This similar effects were observed by other researchers as well for epoxidized soybean oil resin [25]. Researchers found this method along with other methods, to be an acceptable approach for the prediction of the kinetic parameters of glass/epoxy composite [26]. Furthermore, this data can be utilized as input to the material property in a modeling framework for the evaluation of stresses (residual) developed due to curing of thick thermosetting matrix composites [27]. These kinetic parameters can also be used for viscosity modeling [28]. Diffusion-control modeling is also possible in the cure kinetics for amine-epoxy resins [29].