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Agriculture Waste Composites
Published in Magdi El Messiry, Natural Fiber Textile Composite Engineering, 2017
Over forty coupling agents have been used in WPC [40]. Coupling agents are classified into organic, inorganic, and organic-inorganic groups. Organic agents include isocyanates, anhydrides, amides, imides, acrylates, chlorotriazines, epoxides, organic acids, monomers, polymers, and copolymers. Only a few inorganic coupling agents, such as silicates, are used in WPC. Organic-inorganic agents include silanes and titanates. A coupling agent accounts for only 1–3% of the total weight of a composite in WPC. Initiators are usually required with coupling agents during the coupling treatment, especially in graft copolymerization. The most widely used initiators are organic peroxides, including dicumyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, which accounts for only 0.5–1% of the total weight of a composite in WPC. The heating section of the extruder graduated between 120 to 150°C. In the extrusion line (One-step), the resulted extruded WPC are cooled and cut into the granules to predetermined specified dimensions.
Vulcanizing Agents
Published in Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Hazardous Chemicals in the Polymer Industry, 2017
Synonyms: Active Dicumyl Peroxide; Bis(alpha,alpha-Dimethylbenzyl)-Peroxide; Cumene Peroxide; Cumyl Peroxide; Dicumyl Peroxide; Dicumyl Peroxide (DOT); Di-alpha-Cumyl Peroxide; DI-CUP; Diisopropylbenzene Peroxide; Isopropylbenzene Peroxide
Targeting gap junctional intercellular communication by hepatocarcinogenic compounds
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2020
Kaat Leroy, Alanah Pieters, Andrés Tabernilla, Axelle Cooreman, Raf Van Campenhout, Bruno Cogliati, Mathieu Vinken
ROS, such as hydrogen peroxide, are byproducts of oxygen metabolism. Besides their role in cellular signaling, ROS may also produce damage under stress conditions (Imlay 2008). Hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide and dicumyl peroxide were all reported to inhibit GJIC in rat cell lines (Upham et al. 2007), indicating their tumor promoting potential, which involves alterations in the phosphorylation status of Cx43. Thus, dicumyl peroxide elicits its effects through PC-PLC and the MAPK/ERK pathway (Sovadinova et al. 2015; Upham et al. 2007). Benzoyl peroxide also activates MAPK/ERK (Upham et al. 2007), but not MEK1/2 or PC-PLC (Sovadinova et al. 2015). In the presence of specific inhibitors of these kinases, benzoyl peroxide is still able to inhibit GJIC. Benzoyl peroxide may also initiate its effects through other kinases, such as PKC, protein kinase A, Akt, p38, redox-dependent regulatory mechanisms or phospholipases (Sovadinova et al. 2015).