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Characteristics of Polymers and Polymerization Processes
Published in Manas Chanda, Plastics Technology Handbook, 2017
Polymer applications which generally involve extensive compounding are rubbers, thermosets, adhesives, and coatings. Fibers and thermoplastic polymers (with the exception of PVC) are generally not compounded to any significant extend. Fibers, however, involve complex after-treatment processes leading to the final product. PVC, which by itself is a rigid solid, owes much of its versatility in applications to compounding with plasticizers. The plasticize content varies widely with the end use of the product but is typically about 30% by weight.
Steam Turbines
Published in V. Dakshina Murty, Turbomachinery, 2018
A method of obtaining high enthalpy drop and reasonable tip speeds in impulse turbines is through compounding of stages, which results in reduced blade speed for a given pressure drop. Two types of compounding are used, namely velocity compounding and pressure compounding. These are described next.
Eco-friendly synthesis of PET-based polymeric plasticiser and its application in nitrile-PVC rubber blends
Published in Indian Chemical Engineer, 2019
Sidhharth Sirohi, Saiyam Dobhal, Manav Doshi, Ratyakshi Nain, Krishna Dutt, Balaram Pani
The compounding was done by adding various additives such as plasticiser (DOP and PP), sulphur, filler (China clay) and activator such as zinc oxide and stearic acid. The compounding of nitrile and nitrile-PVC blend rubber was carried out on a two-roll mill. All the ingredients were mixed thoroughly at 120°C on the two-roll mill at 20 rpm for better dispersion of ingredients [20–24]. The obtained master batch was then cooled by dipping in the water tank. After cooling, the accelerator was mixed with the master batch in the two-roll mill operated at 20 rpm and 50°C. The nitrile and nitrile-PVC blend rubber sheets were prepared by compression moulding machine operated at 160°C (for both upper and lower platen). The ram pressure of compression moulding machine was kept at 160 kg/cm2 with holding time of 15 minutes and cooling time of 5 minutes [23–26].