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paniculata (C.B. Clarke) Munir Leaves on Various Gastric Aggressive Factors
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Phytomedicine, 2020
P. S. Sreeja, K. Arunachalam, Parimelazhagan Thangaraj
Even though there are hundreds of compounds isolated from plants with medicinal properties, some compounds, like taspine, isolated from Croton lechleri, has both anti-inflammatory property by reducing the inflammatory process, as well as gastroprotection property by reducing the H. pylori bacteria content in the stomach. Thus Taspine demonstrates that it has multitargets of the therapeutic property for curing diseases and, hence, it is able to be used for more than one illness, both anti-inflammatory, as well as gastroprotection. In same way, the compound colchicine derived from Colchicum luteum possesses anti-inflammatory activity, pain relieving effects on joints and relief from bronchial diseases; salicin from the plant Salix alba proves to have analgesic and anti-rheumatic properties, and is also a proven febrifuge; marrubiin obtained from the plant Marrubium vulgare demonstrated anti-nociceptive and vasorelaxant activity; and glycirrhizin derived from the plant Glycyrrhiza glabra can be used as an expectorant and also for duodenal ulcer and inflammation treatment (Sultan et al. 2013; Jain 2016; Uritu et al. 2018).
US regulations on the biopharmaceutical industry and their impact
Published in Rachel Kim, Economics and Management in the Biopharmaceutical Industry in the USA, 2018
In addition, the case of colchicine illustrates that the interpretation of the Orphan Drug Act and Generic Drug Act granted market exclusivity to URL Pharma, who increased the price of the drug. In July 2009, FDA granted a new version of colchicine (Colcrys®) with three years of market exclusivity in the treatment for acute gout and seven years for the treatment of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), under the Orphan Drug Act (Kesselheim & Solomon, 2010). For medical doctors who have known colchicine as an ancient drug for gout, this decision seems unbelievable. However, though it has been used for gout since the 19th century, unfortunately, it has never been legally and clinically documented with the FDA. The clinical trials of Colcrys® proved better outcome with less adversary events, which allowed URL Pharma to have the legal ground to pursue a better regimen for acute gout and an orphan drug status, particularly in the treatment of FMF. The legal interpretation for market exclusivity was very solid in this case. However, due to the market exclusivity granted, other forms of colchicine are not allowed in the market. Now, patients and medical doctors are notified they need to pay a higher price for using colchicine (Colcrys®), which is the only option even for chronic gout patients (Kesselheim & Solomon, 2010).
Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of solvents, metals, drugs, and industrial chemicals using a freshwater snail (Biomphalaria glabrata) assay
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2022
Rosângela Ribeiro de-Carvalho, Maria Regina Gomes-Carneiro, Barbara Rodrigues Geraldino, Gabrielle da Silveira Lopes, Francisco José Roma Paumgartten
It is of noteworthy that the snail assay confirmed the embryotoxicity of colchicine and hydroxyurea (LOECs 0.2 and 5 μM, respectively) noted in lab rodents (Chahoud and Paumgartten 2009; Sieber et al. 1978). Colchicine crosses the placenta and high doses of this alkaloid were reported to be embryotoxic and teratogenic to rodents (Michael et al. 2003; Sieber et al. 1978), although its therapeutic use in pregnancy has not been associated with miscarriages and/or birth defects (Indraratna et al. 2018; Michael et al. 2003). Similarly, hydroxyurea is overtly teratogenic in rodent models (Chahoud and Paumgartten 2009). Although not recommended for use in pregnancy, hydroxyurea has not been associated with an excess of risk of birth defects when therapeutic doses were administered to pregnant women (Ballas et al. 2009).
Extraction of colchicine from Gloriosa superba tubers: a comparison of conventional and microwave-assisted extraction
Published in Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy, 2019
Colchicine (Figure 1), the major alkaloid of Gloriosa superba, is the conventional drug used in the treatment of gout and rheumatism and in plant breeding work for inducing polyploidy (Ade and Rai 2010; Kavina et al. 2011). Among the Indian medicinal plants, the corms of Colchicum luteum and the seeds of Iphigenia indica contain colchicine, to the extent of about 0.25% and 0.9%, respectively (Kapadia et al. 1972). G. superba seed is used commercially for extraction and isolation of colchicine, which contains the major alkaloid colchicine about 0.2–0.7% and 0.1–0.3% colchicoside (Finnie and Staden 1991; Bharathi et al. 2006; Agrawal and Laddha 2015). The objective of the current work was to develop less time consuming isolation process for separation of this bioactive constituent for laboratory as well as commercial use. The established method can be used for identification, quantification and standardization of plant material or extract or herbal formulations containing colchicine.
Devices for penile traction: the long and winding road to treating Peyronie’s disease
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2018
Shaan A Setia, Laurence A Levine
Most oral therapies (e.g. pentoxifylline, vitamin E, Potaba, colchicine) are thought to reduce inflammation and/or decrease fibrotic activity [29–33]. However, multiple studies have shown a lack of efficacy, particularly as monotherapy. A literature review from 2012 reports that there is no oral therapy that reliably reduces the signs and symptoms of PD in a clinically meaningful way [34]. ILI, on the other hand, represents an option more likely to provide meaningful benefit. Multiple different medications have been used with varying success. Calcium channel blockers such as verapamil or nicardipine have been shown to decrease fibroblast proliferation, increase collagenase activity, and decrease fibroblast ECM production in vitro [35]. Clinically, there are no large-scale, randomized placebo-controlled trials for calcium channel blockers. However, multiple small trials have shown some benefit [36–39]. Similar to calcium channel blockers, interferon injections have also demonstrated an ability to reduce fibroblast proliferation, increase collagenase activity, and decrease ECM production in vitro [40]. However, clinical outcomes have been more mixed [41–43]. The only US Food and Drug Administration approved nonsurgical treatment option for PD is collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH). Its approval was largely based on the outcomes of phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in 2013 (IMPRESS I and II) [44]. Collagenase is an enzyme which breaks down collagen. The IMPRESS trials demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in penile curvature, symptom bother, and low serious adverse events in men using CCH injections versus placebo.