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Nanomaterials in Cardio Protection
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Lucindo José Quintans Júnior, Nagamony Ponpandian, Nanophytomedicine, 2023
Others — Heart rhythm disorders (heart beats too fast or too slow), heart valve disorders (problems with valves controlling blood flow), pericarditis (inflamed pericardium), myocarditis (inflamed myocardium)
How Much Diagnosis Can We Afford?
Published in Pat Croskerry, Karen S. Cosby, Mark L. Graber, Hardeep Singh, Diagnosis, 2017
In complaint-driven diagnosis, each patient encounter is unique. An otherwise healthy 20-year-old who develops chest pain after shoveling snow is likely to just have a musculoskeletal strain, but could have a myocardial infarction (MI), an aortic dissection, pericarditis, or a pneumothorax. Missing any of these diagnoses can be fatal. Missed MIs and aortic disasters are among the leading causes of missed diagnosis (and malpractice claims) in almost every healthcare setting. The determination of what tests to order is not only based on population strategies; all that matters in a specific moment of time is the symptoms of the patient in front of you. How much certainty do we need to be safe? How do we decide when to test, and when not to test? This question is the medical version of the signal-detection problem faced by the military when calibrating the settings of the radar system. If set too high, the screen will be filled with signals that can overwhelm the analyst, and a large bird may be mistaken for an incoming missile. If set too low, the screen will be mostly empty, and the missile might look like a bird, or be missed altogether.
Treatment planning
Published in Jing Cai, Joe Y. Chang, Fang-Fang Yin, Principles and Practice of Image-Guided Radiation Therapy of Lung Cancer, 2017
Yan Yu, Kamila Nowak Choi, Virginia Lockamy
Acute heart injury in the form of pericarditis is not common. Late injury can present as coronary artery disease (CAD) and subsequent myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure (CHF), or chronic pericarditis. The latency period varies from months (for pericarditis) to several years following completion of treatment (for CAD). Delineation of cardiac structures itself can be challenging and subject to significant inter-observer variability, secondary to uncertainties in border definition and inclusion of muscle only versus the whole pericardium [76]. Given the variability, an anatomically correct cardiac atlas was developed based on imaging and cadaveric anatomy [77]. (See Figure 4.10).
A detailed review of contrast-enhanced fluorescence magnetic resonance imaging techniques for earlier prediction and easy detection of COVID-19
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023
T. Lurthu Pushparaj, E. Fantin Irudaya Raj, E. Francy Irudaya Rani
In cardiac MRI (CMRI), assessments of longitudinal relaxation time (T1) and transversal relaxation time (T2) indicated that 78% of individuals with COVID-19 contamination reported cardiac symptoms (Figure 6). Local scarring, pericardial enhancement, minor material density, and ejection fractions are also prevalent symptoms in COVID-19-infected patients. CMRI was primarily used to detect pericarditis in COV-19-infected adults. Territorial injury related to myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, and oedema with pericarditis is shown by peri-epicardial LGE in locations with enhanced contrast agent absorption. Individual people with COVID-19 who may have greater native T1 and T2 concentrations have had an aggressive autoimmune response in the heart, resulting in extensive myocardial damage that is chronic.
Active esophageal cooling during radiofrequency ablation of the left atrium: data review and update
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Julie Cooper, Christopher Joseph, Jason Zagrodzky, Christopher Woods, Mark Metzl, Robert W. Turer, Samuel A. McDonald, Erik Kulstad, James Daniels
Same-day discharge is desirable for both patients and hospital systems but requires patients to have undergone an uncomplicated procedure, without complaints such as chest pain that can require overnight observation before safe discharge [71]. Evidence suggests the reason behind the increased same-day discharge is the previously discussed reduction in post-procedural pain complaints (chest pain, gastroparesis, pericarditis, etc.) that historically led to overnight observation. The reductions in post-operative chest pain reported by operators using active esophageal cooling were associated with increases in same-day discharge rate. A study of one academic hospital comparing discharge rates before and after the implementation of active esophageal cooling analyzed a total of 164 patients who underwent RF ablation between January 2020 and January 2022; 63 (38%) patients were treated with LET monitoring and 101 (62%) were treated with active esophageal cooling [70]. Of the patients treated with esophageal cooling, 39 (38.6%) were discharged within 12 hours of admission compared to 13 (20.6%) of the patients treated with LET monitoring (p = 0.016).
Progresses and emerging trends of arsenic research in the past 120 years
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
Chengjun Li, Jiahui Wang, Bing Yan, Ai-Jun Miao, Huan Zhong, Wei Zhang, Lena Qiying Ma
Inorganic arsenic has caused many more severe health problems in the 1990s than in previous decades, such as hypertension and other vascular diseases (Engel & Smith, 1994; Rahman et al., 1999). Chronic ingestion of iAs was reported to cause skin alterations and other skin diseases and ultimately skin cancer (Axelson, 1980; Tseng, 1977) as well as lung cancer via inhalation (Satterlee, 1960). Furthermore, due to the mass poisoning incidents during this period, many potential problems have been revealed. Engel and Smith (1994) analyzed data from 30 counties in the USA and found that there was a strong correlation between the mortality caused by heart and circulatory diseases and the arsenic concentrations to which the patients were exposed. Moreover, ingestion of arsenic in drinking water could also induce liver, lung, bladder and kidney cancer (Chen et al., 1992; Smith et al., 1992). Similar results were also reported by Kurttio et al. (1999) in Finland where they assessed the levels of arsenic in drilled wells and demonstrated an association between arsenic and bladder cancer risk even at low exposure levels (0.1-64 µg/L). Cohort mortality studies conducted by various researchers further confirmed that in high arsenic-exposed populations, statistically high mortality rates were observed for various arsenic-induced diseases, such as hypertensive heart disease and other heart diseases, including pulmonary heart disease, pericarditis, and other diseases of the pericardium (Lewis et al., 1999; Tsai et al., 1999).